Amber - diso lachikasu la nyalugwe

Mwina, anthu onse amadziwa amber. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati zodzikongoletsera ndi haberdashery, komanso mankhwala, mafakitale ndi matabwa. Kuphatikiza apo, Amber imadziwikanso m'malo osazolowereka - lithotherapy ndi matsenga. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zachilengedwe, zimathandizira kuthana ndi matenda ena ndikuwongolera moyo wa mwiniwake, ndikuwongolera njira yabwino. Koma zinthu zoyamba choyamba.

mafotokozedwe

Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, amber si mchere ndipo sapanga makhiristo. M'malo mwake, ndi utomoni wonyezimira, utomoni wokhuthala kwambiri womwe umasiyana ndi mabala a mitengo yakale ya coniferous.

Chiyambi

Panthawi ya Antiquity, asayansi ambiri amangoganiza kuti chiyambi cha mwala uwu chikugwirizana ndi utomoni. Aristotle, Theofast, Pliny Wamkulu analankhula za izi.

Kale m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, izi zinatsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri wa zachilengedwe wa ku Sweden ndi dokotala Carl Linnaeus ndi wasayansi wa zachilengedwe wa ku Russia Mikhail Lomonosov. Ndiwo amene anatsimikizira kuti amber ndi utomoni wakale wa mitengo ya coniferous.

Mu 1807, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo waku Russia, mineralogist, geologist, academician wa Imperial Academy of Sciences Vasily Severegin mwalamulo anapereka kufotokozera zasayansi, chiyambi ndi gulu la amber.

Etymology

Dzina la mwala lili ndi mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa.

Mwachitsanzo, "dzina" lachifalansa la amber - ambre - limachokera ku Arabic ʿanbar. Gulu la anthu a gulu la Semitic ethno-linguistic okhala m'mayiko a Middle East ndi North Africa anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mwala: amakhulupirira kuti ndi mame omwe adagwa kuchokera kumwamba ndikuwumitsa.

Ajeremani amatcha amber Bernstein, kutanthauza "mwala woyaka moto". Izi ndizomveka - zinthuzo zimayaka mofulumira kwambiri ndipo zimapanga lawi lokongola, pamene zimatulutsa fungo lokoma. Dzinali lafalikiranso kumayiko ena, monga Belarus ndi Ukraine. Kumeneko mwala unalandira "dzina" burshtyn.

Agiriki akale anali ndi chidwi ndi mwala chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yopangira magetsi. Iwo anatcha mapangidwe electron. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mawu akuti "magetsi" amachokera ku dzina ili - ἤλεκτρον. Mwa njira, ku Russia wakale, amber anali ndi dzina lofanana, koma kalembedwe kosiyana pang'ono - zamagetsi kapena elekitironi. 

Komabe, mawu akuti "amber" mwina anabwereka ku Lithuanians - gintaras.

Mfundo Zazikulu

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amber si mchere, samapanga makristasi. Nthawi yomweyo, ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino omwe amakulolani kuti mupange zodzikongoletsera zosiyanasiyana, zokongoletsa, mabatani, mikanda, ndi zina zambiri.

• mithunzi - kuchokera wotumbululuka wachikasu mpaka bulauni; zofiira, nthawi zina zopanda mtundu, zoyera zamkaka, zobiriwira zobiriwira;
• gloss - utomoni;
• kuuma kochepa - 2-2,5;
• magetsi ndi kukangana;
• kuyaka msanga;
• polumikizana ndi okosijeni, imakhala ndi okosijeni, yomwe imathandizira kusintha osati mumthunzi wokha, komanso kapangidwe kake.

Zosiyanasiyana

Amber ali ndi mitundu yambiri. Choyamba, imagawidwa kukhala zinthu zakale zakufa ndi theka. Makhalidwe a mitunduyi amatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mikhalidwe ndi nthawi ya zochitika zawo.

Kachiwiri, mulingo wofunikira pakusiyanitsa ndi nambala ya fragility. Imawerengedwa ndi chida chapadera - mita ya microhardness, yowerengedwa mu magalamu, ndipo imasiyana ndi magawo enieni.

Chachitatu, amber amathanso kukhala ndi kuwonekera kosiyana, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa voids m'thupi lake. Pamaziko awa, mwala udzatchedwa mosiyana:

• mandala - kusowa kwa voids, mwala wapamwamba kwambiri;
• mitambo - translucent;
• bastard - opaque;
• fupa - opaque, kukumbukira minyanga ya njovu mu mtundu;
• thovu - opaque, mthunzi - woyera otentha.

Amber amasiyanitsidwanso ndi mtundu wake. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mwala ukhoza kujambulidwa mumthunzi uliwonse kuchokera pamasewero. Zonse zimadalira mikhalidwe, komanso kukhalapo kwa zonyansa zosiyanasiyana mu utomoni. Mwachitsanzo, ndere zimatha kupangitsa kuti nderezo zikhale zobiriwira, zinthu zina zotsatizana nazo “zimachititsa” kuwala kwasiliva, ndipo mchenga umadetsa pang’ono mwalawo ndipo umapangitsa kuti amber awonekere mofiira.

Malo ogulitsira

M'malo mwake, ma depositi a amber amatha kugawidwa m'magulu: mbiri yakale komanso yamakono.

mbiriyakale

Poyamba, utomoni wouma wa mitengo ya coniferous unapezedwa pa chilumba cha Jutland (masiku ano ku Denmark), koma ndalamazo zinatha mwamsanga. Ndiye amalonda anayamba kutembenukira kwa Amber Coast - dzina chikhalidwe cha kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Baltic Sea, yomwe ili pa nsonga kumadzulo kwa Kaliningrad dera la Russia.

Mdziko lapansi

Pali zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za dziko lapansi zomwe zimakhala ndi amber:

• Eurasian, kuphatikizapo Ukraine, Russia, Italy, Myanmar, Indonesia, chilumba cha Sri Lanka;
• American - Dominican Republic, Mexico, North America, Greenland.

katundu

Amber ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali ndipo zotsatira zake pa thupi la munthu zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi.

zamatsenga

Amber ndi chizindikiro cha mwayi komanso moyo wautali. Zamatsenga zake ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kotero, iwo akuphatikizapo:

• amateteza mwiniwake ku zovuta, ngozi, ufiti uliwonse (diso loipa, kuwonongeka, chikondi, temberero);
• amawulula luso la kulenga, amadzaza ndi kudzoza ndi chikhumbo chopanga;
• kumawonjezera intuition ndi kuzindikira;
• kumakuthandizani kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu;
• kumabweretsa mwayi, mwayi, chisangalalo, chiyembekezo;
• imakhudza bwino amayi apakati, imathandizira pakubala;
• amawopseza mizimu yoyipa;
• imateteza okwatirana ku miseche, kaduka, kusakhulupirika, kusamvana.

Kuchiza

Pali nthano chabe za machiritso a amber. Chodabwitsa, izi zatsimikiziridwa kale mwasayansi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi akatswiri osakhala achikhalidwe - lithotherapists.

Amakhulupirira kuti palibe matenda omwe amber sakanatha kuwathetsa, ndipo mawu awa ndi ofunika lero. Choncho, machiritso ake ndi awa:

• kumathetsa mutu ndi dzino likundiwawa;
• imakhudza bwino ntchito ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi;
• kumathandiza ndi matenda olowa, mitsempha ya varicose;
• imalepheretsa hemolysis;
• kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya, kagayidwe kachakudya;
• imakhudza bwino dongosolo lamanjenje, impso, matumbo;
• kumathetsa nkhawa ndi smoothes zotsatira zake;
• amateteza ku chimfine, chimfine;
• machiritso a chilonda ndi kubwezeretsanso zotsatira;
• imadzaza maselo ndi mpweya;
• amachepetsa ukalamba wa khungu;
• ana - facilitates ndondomeko teething, bwino thanzi.

Chinthu chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito ndi succinic acid, yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha zopindulitsa zake.

Ntchito

Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito amber ndi osiyanasiyana:

• Makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera. Kupanga zodzikongoletsera zosiyanasiyana: mikanda, mphete, ndolo, ma brooches, pendants, zibangili ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zina tizilombo, nthenga zimaphatikizidwa mumwala, thovu zimapangidwa mkati - zinthu zotere zimawoneka zoyambirira komanso zokongola.
• Haberdashery - mabatani, zisa, ma hairpins, mabokosi a ufa, zoyika pa malamba, zikwama, zikwama, masutukesi.
• Mankhwala. Kupanga zotengera zamankhwala, zida. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu cosmetology.
• Wood processing. Lacquer yopangidwa ndi Amber imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matabwa. Iwo "anasungidwa" pamwamba pa zombo, mipando, zida zoimbira.
• Ulimi. Pankhaniyi, succinic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku njere kuti ziwonjezeke zokolola komanso kumera ngati cholimbikitsa chachilengedwe.
• Ziweto ndi nkhuku - mu mawonekedwe a chakudya chowonjezera.
• Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo - zotengera, zoyikapo nyali, mbale, chess, makaseti, zifanizo, mawotchi, magalasi. Zithunzi ndi zithunzi zimakongoletsedwanso ndi miyala.

Yemwe amayenera chizindikiro cha zodiac

Malingana ndi okhulupirira nyenyezi, amber ndi abwino kwa zizindikiro za Moto - Leo, Sagittarius, Aries. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuvala mankhwala ndi mwala kokha kwa Taurus.

Amakhulupiriranso kuti zithumwa zaumwini ndi zithumwa zokhala ndi choyikapo cha utomoni wowuma siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa alendo kuti mankhwalawo asataye mphamvu.