Mu 4000 B.C. malachite anali atagwiritsidwa kale ntchito m'migodi yamkuwa ya m'zipululu za kum'maŵa. Mchere wochititsa chidwi kwambiri, malachite ulipo m'zitukuko zonse zamakedzana. M'mawonekedwe ake osaphika, amasangalala ndi mpumulo wozunzidwa ndi mtundu wa nkhalango ya Amazonian. Pambuyo popukuta, mphete zokhazikika, mikwingwirima yowala kapena yakuda imawulula kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mwalawo. Ma convolutions obiriwira a malachite akutidabwitsa kuyambira kalekale.
Posachedwapa, m’chigwa cha Yordano, gulu la akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a ku Israel linapeza sitampu yamkuwa ya masentimita khumi. Anaikidwa m’manda a mkazi zaka 7000 zapitazo, mwina ndi chinthu chamkuwa chakale kwambiri chimene chinapezedwapo. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, oxidation yakhala ikuphimba chida chaching'onocho ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira komanso cha turquoise, ndipo kachitidwe kake kameneka kamapangitsa kuti chiwoneke ngati mwala. Ores amtundu wapamwambawa amapangidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa mkuwa: mithunzi yabuluu ya azurite, mithunzi yobiriwira ya malachite.
Zodzikongoletsera za Malachite ndi zinthu
Mineralogical katundu wa malachite
Malachite ndi a banja lalikulu la carbonates. Makamaka, ndi hydrated copper carbonate. Itha kupezeka m'migodi yamkuwa yomwe imabalalika padziko lonse lapansi: ku Africa, ku Australia, ku Arizona ku USA, ku Urals ku Russia, ku Italy komanso ku France pafupi ndi Lyon ku Chessy-les-Mines ndi ku Vars ku Cape Garonne.
Kuuma kwapakati kwambiri, makamaka mu mawonekedwe akulu, malachite amakanda mosavuta (kuyambira pa 3,5 mpaka 4 pa sikelo ya 10 yokhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wa mineralogist Friedrich Moos). Ndiwosungunuka kwambiri mu ma asidi.
Zowoneka bwino kapena zowoneka bwino, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe ake a concretionary amapereka mawonekedwe osakhazikika; imatha kupanganso mu stalactites. Nthawi zina makhiristo owala amayambira pakati ndikupanga gulu la nyenyezi lachidwi. Pazitsanzo zina, timawona bwino magawo a kukula, omwe amawonetsa mabwalo ozungulira, ofanana ndi kukula kwa mitengo.
Mtundu wobiriwira wa malachite umadziwika ndi kuwala kofunikira, mitsempha yakuda kapena yakuda, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yodziwika kwambiri. Zitsanzo za monochromatic ndizosowa, zikhoza kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri, ndiyeno kudziwika kumakhala kosavuta chifukwa pali mchere wambiri wamtundu uwu. Kuphatikiza pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa emerald, munthu amatha kutchula jade, epidote, serpentine, aventurine, agate yamtengo, verdelite (mtundu wa tourmaline), chrysocolla ndi peridot - mchere wotsirizawu nthawi zambiri umasokonezeka ndi malachite.
Theazurite-malachite ndi mgwirizano wachilengedwe koma wosowa kwambiri wa minerals awiriwa amitundu yosiyana, koma a banja limodzi ndipo amachokera ku gawo limodzi la mchere.
Etymology ndi tanthauzo la mawu akuti "malachite"
Mawuwa amachokera ku Chilatini malachitelochokera ku Chigiriki chakale Moloch. Idzapangidwa kuchokera ku mawu Malak (wofiirira) ndi Lithos (Pierre), dzina lodabwitsa la mwala wobiriwira! mauve tikukamba za mbewu yomwe imapezeka m'midzi yonse (mallow mu Latin). Kenako dzina lake linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza mtundu wa maluwawo.
Ndipotu, zingawoneke kuti Agiriki anauziridwa ndi pansi pa masamba kuti atchule mcherewo. Mofanana ndi Aroma, iwo ankaligwiritsa ntchito kulikonse, choncho mwina anaona kufanana kwake. Akatswiri ena a etymologists amakayikira izi. Masamba omwe akufunsidwawo ali ndi nthiti ndithu, koma mtundu wawo ndi wosadabwitsa mu ufumu wa zomera!
Kufotokozera kwina kumaperekedwa: kuuma pang'ono kwa malachite kungakhale gwero la dzina lake, malakos (Momwe).
Kutanthauzira kwina kosavuta kwa ziwiri zoyambirira ndizothekanso. Mallow amadziwika chifukwa cha "kufewetsa" kwake. malakos, imachepetsa ndi kufewetsa. Zomwe zimadziwika kuti anti-inflammatory effect zimachepetsa zowawa zosiyanasiyana, monga dzino likundiwawa. Malachite, wolemera mkuwa, ali ndi makhalidwe omwewo. Agiriki ankagwiritsa ntchito mallow Malak komanso mchere wokhala ndi zotsatira zofanana, zomwe amazitcha "mwala wofewa" malakos et Lithos.
Malachite m'mbiri
Malachite alipo m'zitukuko zonse ndi m'zikhulupiliro zonse. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka masauzande ambiri ngati mankhwala, zodzoladzola ndi zokongoletsera. Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule mbiri yakale tisanagwiritse ntchito malachite mu lithotherapy yamakono.
Malachite ku Egypt wakale
Kwa Aigupto, imfa ili ngati moyo watsopano; ndipo zobiriwira zabwino zimaimira unyamata, thanzi, ndi mitundu yonse ya kubadwanso. Kumbali ina ya gombe "champs des reeds" kapena "champs d'ialou" amatanthauza imatchedwanso kwina malachite domain .
Kuti atsogolere Aigupto ku dziko losadziwikali, Bukhu la Akufa, mndandanda wa malemba achipembedzo ndi maliro, limapereka malangizo ambiri. Zolemba zamatsengazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokongola komanso zodzaza ndakatulo: “Inde, ndinaoneka ngati mphako wamkulu wagolide amene anatuluka m’dzira, ndipo ndinawuluka, ndinatera ngati mphako wa golidi, wamtali mikono inayi, wokhala ndi mapiko a malachite…”.
Wogwirizana kwambiri ndi Malachite, Hathor, mulungu wamkazi wa chonde, zimathandiza kuti pakhale zamoyo zonse: anthu, nyama ndi zomera. Ali ndi luso linanso: amalimbikitsa zopereka zanyimbo ndikuteteza ogwira ntchito ku Sinai. Kachisi wa Serabit el Khadem, malo opatulika a migodi, adaperekedwa Hathor, mbuye wa turquoise, lapis lazuli ndi malachite.
Malachite amagwirizananso ndi mulungu wamkazi wa mvuu Tueris, woyang'anira umayi (pakati, kubala ndi kuyamwitsa). Choncho, amateteza amayi osatetezeka komanso ana awo aang'ono. Tueri anali wotchuka kwambiri ku Thebes, ndipo akazi ankavala chithumwa cha malachite chokhala ndi fano lake.
M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, malachite ndi zodzikongoletsera zamtengo wapatali za maso monga momwe zimachitira ndi matenda a maso nthawi imodzi! Paleti zodzikongoletsera za nthawi ya pre-dynastic (zaka pafupifupi 4000) zapezeka. Mathireyi ang'onoang'ono a miyala ya greywacke ya volcanic ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popera malachite kuti apange zodzoladzola.
Ufa wa Malachite umakhalanso ndi ma frescoes. monga zithunzi zokongola zopezeka pamanda a mlembi Nakht ku Theban necropolis pafupi ndi Luxor.
Malachite mu Greek ndi Roma wakale
Kale ku Greece, malachite amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala odziwika bwino. ndipo imatchuka kwambiri chifukwa imapereka chitetezo kwa omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri. Ana amavala zithumwa, omenyana amavala zibangili.
Malachite alinso ndi malo akulu ntchito zaluso. Agiriki anapambana mu luso la cameo ndipo ankaigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mu njira imeneyi komanso yojambula bwino kwambiri.
Malachite mu zomangamanga amakongoletsa mizati ya chimodzi cha zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri za dziko: Kachisi wa Artemi ku Efeso. Masiku ano n'zovuta kulingalira kukongola kwa nyumba yopakidwa bwino kwambiri imeneyi. Kachisiyo anawonongedwa ndi kumangidwanso kangapo mpaka anagwetsedwa m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX AD.
Chrysocolla nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi Aroma kuti malachite. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zonsezi, ndipo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa njira zodziwira, chisokonezo nthawi zambiri chimakhala. Komabe, Pliny Wamkulu m'zaka za zana la XNUMX amapereka malongosoledwe olondola a izo. mu encyclopedia yake ya Natural History ndipo amatiuza za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake:
"Malachite sichiwonekera, ndi yobiriwira komanso yobiriwira kuposa emarodi. Ndibwino kupanga zisindikizo ndikupatsidwa mankhwala omwe amapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kuteteza ana ku zoopsa zomwe zimawopseza ... "
La mulungu wamkazi wa kubala mu nthano zachiroma ndi Juno. Mfumukazi ya Pantheon, mkazi wa Jupiter, anaika maso zana a Argos pa nthenga za mbalame yokongola yomwe idzakhala pikoko. Nthawi zonse amaperekedwa limodzi ndi mbalame zomwe amakonda kwambiri komanso mwachilengedwe. malachite osowa adzagwirizanitsidwa nayo - diso la pikoko, lomwe lidzateteza ku diso loipa.
Malachite mu Middle Ages ndi masiku ano
M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, mphamvu zodabwitsa zinkatchedwa malachite: kukanathandiza kumvetsetsa chinenero cha nyama, ndendende ngati Francis Woyera wa ku Assisi!
Jean de Mandeville, mlembi wa XNUMXth-century lapidary workshop, sanatchule chinthu chodabwitsa ichi. M’bukuli tikupezamo makhalidwe abwino a malachite, otchulidwa pansi pa dzina nsalu :
« Idzapuma bwino ndi ana ndikuwateteza ku mkwiyo, diso loipa, adani ndi zoipa zina zomwe zimabwera kwa ana, ndikuteteza mwiniwake kwa adani ndi zifukwa zovulaza, zimapezeka ku Arabia ndi malo ena ... "
Malachite wosweka, wochokera ku Middle East, amatchedwa "wobiriwira wa mapiri." amapenta zobiriwira zobiriwira, zithunzi komanso zowunikira makamaka. Mabuku ofunikira azaka za zana la XNUMX amapereka chithunzithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha zaluso zakalezi. "Les Riches Heures du Duc de Berry" ndi "Grandes Heures d'Anne de Bretagne" ali ndi zambiri zosawoneka bwino komanso mitundu yowoneka bwino. Malachite sublimates chithunzi cha chilengedwe ndi nsalu akale.
M'zaka za zana la 19, midadada ikuluikulu ya malachite yolemera matani oposa makumi awiri idatuluka m'migodi ya Ural. Zosungira zazikuluzi zinali chuma cha mafumu. Kenako malachite a ku Russia anakongoletsa nyumba zachifumu ndi ma cathedrals ochuluka. Zambiri mwazinthu zokongoletsera za malachite zomwe nthawi zambiri timasilira m'mabwalo athu ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zimachokera ku miyala ya ku Russia.
Ubwino wa malachite mu lithotherapy
Kuyambira kale, malachite akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, makamaka mu kuchepetsa ululu. Ndi imodzi mwa miyala yotchuka kwambiri mu lithotherapy yamakono.
Chopangidwa ndi kusinthika kwa mkuwa, chitsulo chofunikira pamoyo, chimakhala ndi machiritso omwewo: anti-inflammatory properties ndi antibacterial properties. Maluso awiri ofunika kwambiriwa amawerengera kusiyanasiyana kwa mawerengedwe ake.
Zopindulitsa kwa aliyense, malachite imayang'aniridwa makamaka kwa amayi ndi ana. Mwambo umapereka malachite kwa anthu omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi osalimba kwambiri, timapeza izi nthawi zonse m'zitukuko zonse.
Ubwino wa malachite motsutsana ndi matenda amthupi
Anti-inflammatory ndi antispasmodic katundu:
Kupweteka kwa mano
Chikhure
mphumu
Impso ululu
Mafupa
nyamakazi
nyamakazi
Rheumatism
sprains
Zoyipa
Colic
colic
Antibacterial ndi antiseptic katundu:
Matenda a maso
Otitis
Angina wa bakiteriya chiyambi
matenda amygdalitis
Revitalization properties:
Amawonjezera mphamvu
Imalimbikitsa detoxification yama cell
Imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi
Imathandizira kusinthika kwa minofu
Kukhazika mtima pansi komanso kutonthoza kwa dongosolo lamanjenje:
nkhawa
Kusagona
kupweteka
khunyu
Zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa circulatory system:
Njira ina yovomerezeka ndi fumigation: perekani mwala pansi pa utsi wa zofukiza, mtengo wansanga kapena chowawa. Mutha kusintha njira yofatsa iyi ndi kuyeretsa madzi.
Siyani Mumakonda