Diamondi katundu ndi ubwino

Ma diamondi amachokera ku ufumu wa India wotchedwa Mutli. Nyengo yamvula ikatha, madzi a m’mapiri amapita nazo m’zigwa zakuya. Malo achinyezi ndi otenthawa ali ndi njoka zapoizoni ndipo kupezeka kwawo koyipa kumateteza chuma chodabwitsachi. Amuna odzala ndi zilakolako amaponya zidutswa za nyama pansi, miyala ya dayamondi imamamatira, ndipo mphungu zoyera zimathamangira ku nyambo zimenezi. Mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama zimagwidwa ndi kuphedwa, nyama ndi diamondi zimachotsedwa ku zikhadabo zawo kapena m'mimba mwawo.

Marco Polo akufotokoza chochitika chochititsa chidwi chimenechi m’nkhani zake zapaulendo. Iyi ndi nthano yakale yomwe idakhalapo kale iye asanabadwe, koma ikuchitira umboni za kudyetsedwa kwa makolo a alluvial deposits ku Golconda, ufumu wakale wa India wodabwitsa ...

Makhalidwe a Mineralogical a diamondi

Daimondi ndi chinthu chofanana ndi golide kapena siliva. Chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi mapangidwe ake: carbon. Ndilo m'gulu la mbadwa zopanda zitsulo zomwe zili ndi graphite (yopangidwanso ndi carbon koma yosiyana) ndi sulfure.

Amapezeka m'miyala ndi mchenga wa alluvial. Magwero a miyala yake ndi lamproites makamaka kimberlites. Mwala wosowa kwambiri wophulikawu, womwe umatchedwanso "blue earth", unapangidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Cretaceous. Dzinali limachokera ku mzinda wa Kimberley ku South Africa. Wolemera kwambiri mu mica ndi chromium, amathanso kukhala ndi ma garnet ndi serpentines.

Ma diamondi amapangidwa pamwamba pa dziko lapansi mozama kwambiri, pafupifupi 150 km. Iwo amakhala kumeneko kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. asanatulutsidwe m'machumuni, otchedwa ma chimney kapena ma diatreme, a mapiri owopsa a kimberlite. Kuphulika kochititsa chidwi komaliza kwa mtundu umenewu kunayambira zaka 60 miliyoni.

Ma diamondi omwe ali mu alluvium amatengedwa ndi madzi, osasintha chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo, pamtunda wautali. Zitha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kosasunthika kwa maatomu a kaboni kumakonda makhiristo opangidwa bwino, nthawi zambiri octahedral. (atomu yapakati kuphatikiza mfundo zina 6 zimapanga nkhope 8). Nthawi zina timapeza ziwerengero zokhala ndi mfundo 8 kapena 12. Palinso mawonekedwe osakhazikika otchedwa granuloforms, makhiristo akulu apadera olemera ma carat 300 pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala amtunduwu. Ma diamondi ambiri sadutsa makarati 10.

Daimondi kuuma ndi brittleness

Daimondi ndiye mchere wovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. Katswiri wa mineralogist waku Germany Frederick Moos adazitenga ngati maziko popanga masikelo ake a mineral hardness mu 1812. Chifukwa chake amachiyika pa 10 pa 10. Daimondi imakanda magalasi ndi quartz, koma diamondi ina yokha ndi yomwe imatha kukanda.

Daimondi ndi yolimba koma mwachibadwa brittle. Kung'ambika kwake, mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la zigawo za mamolekyu ake, ndi zachilengedwe. Izi zimathandizira kung'ambika koyera pamakona ena. Telala, ndendende, mbedza, amawona ndikugwiritsa ntchito chodabwitsa ichi. Nthawi zina kuphulika kwa mapiri komwe kunatulutsa diamondi kumapangitsa kulekanitsa bwino kwambiri ndipo motero kumapanga kugawanika kwachilengedwe.

diamondi kudula

Ma diamondi odulidwa mwachilengedwe amati ali ndi "mfundo zopanda pake"., timayitana" osavuta » Ma diamondi okhwima okhala ndi mawonekedwe opukutidwa.

Daimondiyo nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi rind yotuwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa miyala » (mwala mu Chipwitikizi). Pambuyo pochotsa dothi, kukula kumavumbula kumveka konse ndi kunyezimira kwa mwala. Ndi luso losaonekera komanso ntchito yoleza mtima. Wodula nthawi zambiri amayenera kusankha pakati pa kudula kosavuta, komwe kumasunga kulemera kwa diamondi yovuta, kapena kudulidwa kovuta kwambiri, komwe kungachotse magawo awiri pa atatu a mwala woyambirira.

Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu, yotchulidwa ndi yokonzedwa. Chodulidwa chodziwika kwambiri pakali pano ndi Brilliant Round. kumene kuwala kumasewera modabwitsa mu mbali 57 za diamondi. Iyi ndi yomwe ili kumanzere kwenikweni pachithunzi pamwambapa ("chaka" m'Chingerezi).

mitundu ya diamondi

Ma diamondi amitundu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa diamondi "zokongola". M'mbuyomu, mtunduwo nthawi zambiri unkawoneka ngati cholakwika, diamondi iyenera kukhala yoyera kapena yopepuka kwambiri. Kenako anavomerezedwa ndi lamulo lakuti anali “angwiro ndi otsimikiza mtima”. Zisasokoneze kuwala, kuwala ndi madzi (kumveka bwino) kwa diamondi. Pansi pazimenezi, mtengo wa diamondi wamtundu wachilengedwe ukhoza kupitirira mtengo wa diamondi "yoyera".

Mtundu umene umakhala wowala kale mumkhalidwe wake wovuta ukhoza kupereka kuwala kokongola kwa diamondi yamitundu. Ma diamondi alalanje ndi ofiirira ndi omwe asowa kwambiri, mitundu ina: buluu, chikasu, wakuda, pinki, wofiira ndi wobiriwira amafunidwanso, ndipo pali zitsanzo zodziwika kwambiri. Katswiri wa migodi René Just Gahuy (1743-1822) adatcha diamondi zamitundu "zamitundu". mineral Kingdom orchids ". Maluwa amenewa anali osowa kwambiri panthawiyo kuposa masiku ano!

Ma diamondi onse omwe amakhudzidwa ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono ofiira, ma graphite inclusions kapena zolakwika zina, zotchedwa "gendarmes", amakanidwa ku zodzikongoletsera. Ma diamondi amtundu wosasangalatsa (wachikasu, bulauni), nthawi zambiri opaque, amawonetsedwanso. Miyala imeneyi, yotchedwa diamondi yachilengedwe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga kudula magalasi.

Kusintha kwamtundu kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kapena kutentha. Uwu ndi chinyengo chomwe ndi chovuta kuzizindikira komanso chofala.

Malo akuluakulu a migodi a diamondi amakono

65% ya zokolola zapadziko lonse lapansi zili m'maiko aku Africa:

• Afrique du Sud :

Mu 1867, m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Orange, diamondi anapezeka mu kimberlite yosinthidwa yotchedwa "yellow earth". Kenaka migodi yakuya ndi yozama inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Masiku ano, madipoziti atha.

• Angola, Zabwino.
• Botswana, khalidwe labwino kwambiri.
• Ivory Coast, migodi.
• Ghana, ma depositi.
• Guinea, makhiristo okongola nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera kapena oyera-chikasu.
• Lesotho, alluvial deposits, ntchito zamanja.
• Liberia, makamaka diamondi zapamwamba zamakampani.
• Namibia, miyala ya alluvial yochokera ku Orange River, yabwino kwambiri.
• Central African Republic, ma depositi.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo, khalidwe labwino, nthawi zambiri lachikasu.
• Sierra leone, makhiristo okongola a kukula kwabwino.
• Tanzania, makhiristo ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zina amitundu ndi mafakitale.

Pali malo ena ochotsera:

• Australia, Migodi ya Argyle: dzenje lalikulu lotseguka, diamondi zapinki.
• Brazil, ma depositi. Makamaka, m'malo opangira migodi a Diamantino ku Malto Grosso (nthawi zambiri diamondi zamitundu) ndi Diamantina ku Minas Gerais (makhiristo ang'onoang'ono, koma abwino kwambiri).
• Canada, kuwonjezera.
• China, zabwino kwambiri, komabe zopangidwa ndi manja
• Russia, diamondi zokongola, kuzizira kumapangitsa kupanga kukhala kovuta.
• Venezuela, makhiristo ang'onoang'ono, miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi khalidwe la mafakitale.

La Finland ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe likutulutsa mu European Union (zochepa).

Etymology ya mawu akuti "diamondi".

Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, amatchedwa Adamas kutanthauza m’Chigiriki: wosagonjetseka, wosagonjetseka. Anthu akum'maŵa amachitcha icho almas. Maginito amalembedwanso Adamas ndi olemba ena akale, motero chisokonezo. Mawu akuti "adamantine" amatanthauza mu French kuwala kwa diamondi, kapena chinachake chofanana nacho.

Sitikudziwa chifukwa chake rhombus inataya mawu oyambirira a , omwe m'Chigiriki ndi Chilatini ndi mlonda wa pakhomo. Kuchichotsa, timapeza mtengo wosiyana ndi choyambirira, chomwe ndi: chokhazikika. Iyenera kukhala yolimba, kapena diamondi, kapena diamondi.

Mu Middle Ages, diamondi inalembedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: daimondi, pa ntchentche, daimondi, diamondi, daimondi. Zaka za zana la XNUMX zisanachitike, diamondi nthawi zambiri amataya "t" yomaliza mochulukitsa: diamondi. M'mabuku akale, diamondi nthawi zina amatchedwa diamondi adatero kutanthauza "popanda zoopsa" chifukwa cha zabwino zake mu lithotherapy.

Diamond Kupyolera mu Mbiri

Ntchito yake yeniyeni imayambira ku India (komanso Borneo) cha m'ma 800 BC. ndipo anapitiriza kumeneko mpaka zaka za m’ma 20. Panthawiyo, panali migodi 15 mu ufumu wa Golconda ndi XNUMX mu ufumu wa Visapur. Ma diamondi ochokera ku Brazil, chuma cha Portugal, adalowa m'malo mwake kuyambira 1720. ndipo zidzachulukirachulukira mpaka kuwopseza mitengo yamsika. Kenako mu 1867 diamondi zinabwera kuchokera ku South Africa. Mu 1888, wabizinesi waku Britain Cecil Rhodes adayambitsa kampani ya De Beers kuno, yemwe ndi wolamulira pazamalonda a diamondi.

Diamond kalelo

Mu zake » Pangano la miyala yamtengo wapatali khumi ndi iwiri ", Bishopu Woyera Epiphanes wa ku Salami, wobadwira ku Palestine m'zaka za zana la XNUMX AD, akufotokoza chapachifuwa cha wansembe wamkulu Aroni, wotchulidwa m'buku la Eksodo ya Chipangano Chakale: pa madyerero atatu akuluakulu a chaka, Aroni amalowa m'malo opatulika. ndi diamondi pachifuwa pake " Mtundu wake umafanana ndi mpweya ". Mwalawu umasintha mtundu malinga ndi maulosi.

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yaku Britain ku London ili ndi chifanizo chachi Greek cha mkuwa cha 480 BC, cha mzimayi wovala bwino komanso wopangidwa mwaluso ndi ma curls ndi ma curls. Ana a m'maso mwake ndi a diamondi.

« Adamas amadziwika ndi mafumu ochepa chabe. Pliny Wamkulu analemba m’zaka za zana loyamba AD. Imatchula mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya diamondi, kuphatikizapo imodzi yosaposa njere ya nkhaka. Malinga ndi iye, diamondi yokongola kwambiri ndi Indian, ena onse amakumbidwa m'migodi ya golide. Migodi ya golidi imeneyi mwina ikuimira Ethiopia. Ndiye, ndithudi, kuima kokha. Ma diamondi akale amachokera ku India kudzera pa Nyanja Yofiira.

Pliny akuumirira kukana kwa diamondi ku moto ndi chitsulo. Atataya muyeso wonse, akupereka lingaliro lakuti awamenye ndi nyundo pa nyundo kuti awone ngati alidi, ndikuwaviika m'magazi otentha a mbuzi kuti afewe!

Chifukwa chakusowa kwake, komanso kuuma kwake, diamondi si chinthu chamtengo wapatali chodzikongoletsera. Makhalidwe ake apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula ndi kuzokota miyala yofatsa. Atakutidwa ndi chitsulo, diamondi amakhala zida zabwino kwambiri. Anthu achi Greek, Aroma ndi Etruscan amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, koma Aigupto sakudziwa.

Diamond mu Middle Ages

Kukula kwake kumakhala kocheperako, ndipo kukongola kwa mwala kumakhalabe kokulirapo. Marubi ndi emarodi ndi okongola kwambiri kuposa diamondi, ndipo kudulidwa kosavuta kwa cabochon ndikokwanira kwa miyala yamitundu iyi. Komabe, Charlemagne amatseka yunifolomu yake yachifumu ndi cholumikizira chopangidwa kuchokera ku diamondi yovuta. Pambuyo pake m'malembawo, anthu angapo achifumu amatchulidwa omwe ali ndi diamondi: Saint-Louis, Charles V, wokondedwa wa Charles VII, Agnès Sorel.

Chinsinsi cha Pliny chofewetsa chimalimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse komanso chimakhala bwino:

Mbuzi, makamaka yoyera, iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi parsley kapena ivy. Adzamwanso vinyo wabwino. Ndiye chinachake chilakwika ndi chilombo chosawukacho: chimaphedwa, magazi ake ndi mnofu wake zimatenthedwa, ndipo diamondi imatsanuliridwa mu kusakaniza kumeneku. Zotsatira zofewa ndizokhalitsa, kuuma kwa mwala kumabwezeretsedwa pakapita nthawi.

Palinso njira zina zochepetsera magazi: diamondi yoponyedwa mu mtovu wotentha kwambiri ndi wosungunuka imaphwanyidwa. Ikhozanso kuviikidwa mu chisakanizo cha mafuta a azitona ndi sopo ndipo imatuluka mofewa komanso yosalala kuposa galasi.

Ubwino wamwambo wa diamondi

Herbalism ndi lithotherapy zidatenga malo ofunikira ku Middle Ages. Chidziwitso cha Agiriki ndi Aroma chimasungidwa mwa kuwonjezera mlingo wowonjezera wamatsenga. Bishopu Marbaud m'zaka za zana la XNUMX komanso pambuyo pake a Jean de Mandeville amatiuza za zabwino zambiri zomwe diamondi imabweretsa:

Zimapereka chigonjetso ndipo zimapangitsa wovalayo kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri motsutsana ndi adani, makamaka atavala kumanzere (sinistrium). Zimateteza mokwanira miyendo ndi mafupa a thupi. Zimatetezanso ku misala, mikangano, mizukwa, ziphe ndi ziphe, maloto oipa ndi chipwirikiti cha maloto. Amaphwanya matsenga ndi matsenga. Amachiritsa amisala ndi olengedwa ndi mdierekezi. Amaopseza ngakhale ziwanda zomwe zimasanduka amuna kuti azigona ndi akazi. Mwachidule, "amakongoletsa chirichonse."

Daimondi yoperekedwa ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zoyenerera kuposa diamondi yogulidwa. Amene ali ndi mbali zinayi ndi osowa, choncho okwera mtengo, koma alibe mphamvu kuposa ena. Zotsatira zake, Ulemu wa diamondi suli mu mawonekedwe ake kapena kukula kwake, koma kwenikweni, mu chikhalidwe chake chachinsinsi. Chiphunzitsochi chimachokera kwa anzeru akudziko la Imde (India)" kumene madzi amasonkhana n’kukhala kristalo .

Diamondi mu Renaissance

Chikhulupiriro chakuti diamondi imakana chitsulo ndi moto ndi yolimba. Chifukwa chake, pankhondo ya Moras mu 1474, aku Swiss adadula ndi nkhwangwa diamondi zomwe zidapezeka m'chihema cha Charles the Bold kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinali zenizeni.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, miyala yamtengo wapatali yochokera ku Liège, Louis de Berken kapena Van Berkem angapeze mwangozi njira yowapangitsira kuti ikhale yonyezimira powapaka pamodzi. Njira ya kukula ikanapita patsogolo chifukwa cha iye. Nkhaniyi ikuwoneka kuti si yomveka chifukwa sitipeza zizindikiro za munthu ameneyu.

Chisinthiko, komabe, chinayambira nthawiyi ndipo mwina chimachokera kumpoto, kumene malonda a miyala yamtengo wapatali amapita patsogolo. Timaphunzira kujambula mosamalitsa m'mphepete pang'ono : mu chishango, mu chamfer, mu mfundo ngakhale mu duwa (ndi m'mphepete, koma ndi pansi lathyathyathya, lomwe nthawi zonse limayamikiridwa lero).

Daimondi imapezeka kwambiri muzinthu zaakalonga. Buku la Agnes wa Savoy la 1493 limati: mphete ya cloverleaf yokhala ndi emerald yayikulu, mbale ya diamondi ndi ruby ​​​​cabochon .

Mbiri yotchuka, malinga ndi zomwe François Ndikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito diamondi ya mphete yake kuti alembe mawu ochepa pawindo la Château de Chambord, akufotokozedwa ndi wolemba komanso wolemba mbiri Branthom. Akunena kuti mlonda wakale wa nyumbayo adamutsogolera pawindo lodziwika bwino, nati kwa iye: " Pano, werengani izi, ngati simunawone lemba la Mfumu, mbuye wanga, ndi izi... »

Kenako Brantome amalingalira zolembedwa zomveka bwino zolembedwa ndi zilembo zazikulu:

"Nthawi zambiri mkazi amasintha, wosasamala, yemwe amawerengera. »

Mfumuyo, mosasamala kanthu za mkhalidwe wake wachimwemwe, iyenera kuti inali m’chisoni tsiku limenelo!

Diamondi m'zaka za zana la 17

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, yemwe anabadwa mu 1605, ndi mwana wa katswiri wa geographer wa Chipulotesitanti wa ku Antwerp. Uyu, wozunzidwa m'dziko lake, amakhala ku Paris panthawi ya kulolerana. Pochita chidwi ndi nkhani zamaulendo a abambo ake komanso mamapu odabwitsa kuyambira ali mwana, adakhala wokonda komanso wogulitsa zida zamtengo wapatali zokhala ndi diamondi. Iye mwina ndiye woyamba kunena kuti: "Diamondi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kuposa miyala yonse."

Muutumiki wa Duke wa Orleans, adapita ku India kasanu ndi kamodzi:

Kuopa zoopsa sikunandikakamize kuthawa, ngakhale chithunzi choipa chomwe migodiyi inkaonetsa sichinandiwopsyeze. Choncho ndidapita ku migodi inayi ndi umodzi mwa mitsinje iwiri momwe diamondi imakumbidwa, ndipo ndidapeza palibe zovuta izi kapena zankhanza zomwe ambuli ena amafotokoza.

J. B. Tavernier amalemba zolemba zake ndipo motero amapereka chithandizo chachikulu ku chidziwitso cha Kummawa ndi diamondi. Akufotokoza malo odzaza miyala ndi zitsamba, zokhala ndi dothi lamchenga, zomwe zimakumbukira nkhalango ya Fontainebleau. Amafotokozanso zochitika zodabwitsa:

• Ogwira ntchitowo, ali maliseche kotheratu kuti apewe kuba, amaba miyala ina mwa kuimeza.
• “Munthu wina wosauka” amakakamira diamondi ya 2-carat pakona ya diso lake.
• Ana azaka zapakati pa 10 mpaka 15, odziwa bwino komanso ochenjera, amakonzekera kuti apindule nawo malonda apakati pakati pa opanga ndi makasitomala akunja.
• Anthu a Kum’maŵa amayamikira diamondi zawo mwa kuika nyali yamafuta yokhala ndi chingwe cholimba m’bowo lalikulu la khoma, amabwerera usiku ndi kuyendera miyala yawo ndi kuwala kumeneku.

Mapeto a moyo wa woyenda wosatopa ameneyu anasokonezedwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Edict of Nantes, iye anachoka ku France mu 1684 kukafera ku Moscow zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.

Diamondi m'zaka za zana la 18

Kutentha kwa diamondi

Isaac Newton, bambo wosungulumwa komanso wokayikira, anali ndi gulu la galu laling'ono lotchedwa Diamond. Kodi anamupatsa maganizo ofuna kuchita chidwi ndi mchere umenewu? Mwina chifukwa amazitchula m'nkhani yake ya optics, yofalitsidwa mu 1704: diamondi ingakhale mafuta otheka. Ena anaganiza za izi kalekale iye asanakhalepo, monga Boes de Booth, wolemba buku la " Mbiri ya miyala yamtengo wapatali mu 1609. Katswiri wa zamankhwala waku Ireland Robert Boyle adayesa mu 1673: diamondi idasowa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa ng'anjo.

Kuyesera komweko kumabwerezedwa kulikonse, pamaso pa owonerera odabwa.. Ma diamondi ambiri amadutsa m'ng'anjo; kukwera mtengo kwa zoyesererazi sikufooketsa makasitomala olemera omwe amapereka ndalamazo. François de Habsburg, mwamuna wa Empress Marie-Therese, amapereka ndalama zothandizira mayesero ophatikizana kuwotcha diamondi ndi ruby. Marubi okha apulumutsidwa!

Mu 1772, Lavoisier adanena kuti diamondi ndi fanizo la malasha, koma " sikungakhale kwanzeru kupita patali kwambiri m’fanizoli. .

Katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku England Smithson Tennant adawonetsa mu 1797 kuti diamondi imadya mpweya chifukwa chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri. Daimondi ikayaka ndi okosijeni wa mumlengalenga, imasandulika kukhala carbon dioxide, popeza ndi mpweya wokhawokha umene umaphatikizidwa m’kapangidwe kake.

Kodi diamondi yosangalatsa idzakhala makala apamwamba? Osati kwenikweni, chifukwa zimachokera m'matumbo akuluakulu a dziko lapansi ndipo tikhoza kunena monga katswiri wa mineralogist Jean-Étienne Guettard: " chilengedwe sichinalenge chilichonse changwiro kotero kuti tingachiyerekeze .

diamondi otchuka

Pali diamondi zambiri zodziwika, nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa eni ake: diamondi ya Mfumu ya Russia, kukula kwa dzira la njiwa, diamondi ya Grand Duke ya Tuscany, mtundu wa mandimu pang'ono, ndi diamondi ya Great Mogul, sanapezepo, yolemera 280 carats, koma ndi chilema chaching'ono. Nthawi zina amasankhidwa ndi mtundu ndi malo omwe adachokera: Dresden wobiriwira, wanzeru wapakatikati, koma wamtundu wokongola wozama; Mtundu wofiira wa Russia unagulidwa ndi Tsar Paul I.

Mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri ndi Koh-I-Noor. Dzina lake limatanthauza "phiri la kuwala". Choyera cha 105-carat ichi chokhala ndi zotuwa kwambiri chikuchokera ku migodi ya Parteal ku India. Chiyambi chake chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chaumulungu popeza kupezeka kwake kudayambira nthawi zodziwika bwino za Krishna. Adalengezedwa kuti ndi gawo la Chingerezi mwa ufulu wogonjetsa muulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Victoria, zitha kuwoneka atavala miyala yamtengo wapatali yaku Britain mu Tower of London.

Kutchula anthu atatu otchuka aku France:

Sancy

Sancy kapena Grand Sancy (Bo kapena Petit Sancy ndi mwala wina). Daimondi yoyera iyi ya 55,23 carat ili ndi madzi apadera. Amachokera ku East Indies.

Charles the Bold anali mwini wake woyamba kudziwika asanapezeke ndi Mfumu ya Portugal. Nicholas Harlay de Sancy, woyang'anira zachuma wa Henry IV, adagula mu 1570. Inagulitsidwa kwa Jacques Woyamba wa ku England mu 1604 ndipo kenako anabwerera ku France, yogulidwa ndi Kadinala Mazarin, amene anapereka kwa Louis XIV. Imayikidwa pa korona wa Louis XV ndi Louis XVI. Anatayika panthawi ya chisinthiko, omwe adapezeka patatha zaka ziwiri, adagulitsidwa kangapo asanakhale ndi banja la Astor. Louvre adagula mu 1976.

France buluu

France buluu, yomwe poyamba inkalemera makarati 112, buluu woderapo, imachokera kufupi ndi mzinda wa Golconda, ku India.

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier adagulitsa kwa Louis XV mu 1668. Daimondi yotchuka iyi yapulumuka maulendo chikwi chimodzi: kuba, kutayika, eni ake ambiri achifumu komanso olemera. Imadulidwanso kangapo.

Wolemba banki waku London Henry Hope adagula mu 1824 ndikuutcha dzina lake, motero adapeza kutchuka kwachiwiri ndi moyo wachiwiri. Tsopano ikulemera "kokha" 45,52 carats. Chiyembekezo tsopano chikuwoneka ku Smithsonian Institution ku Washington.

Le Regent

Le Regent, 426 carats rough, over 140 carats odulidwa, woyera, kuchokera ku migodi ya Partil, India.

Kuyera kwake ndi kukula kwake ndizodabwitsa, komanso nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuti ndi diamondi yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kudulidwa kwake kokongola kumapangidwa ku England ndipo kutha zaka ziwiri.

Regent Philippe d'Orléans adagula mu 1717 pa mapaundi mamiliyoni awiri, ndipo m'zaka ziwiri mtengo wake unawonjezeka katatu. Poyamba ankavala Louis XV, ndiyeno ndi olamulira onse French mpaka Mfumukazi Eugenie (anabedwa ndipo mbisoweka kwa chaka pa kusintha). Tsopano Regent imawala ku Louvre.

Zodzikongoletsera za diamondi zimathanso kutchuka chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, koma makamaka chifukwa cha mbiri yake. Chomveka kwambiri, ndithudi, ndi "Mlandu wa Necklace wa Mfumukazi".

Mu 1782, Marie Antoinette mwanzeru anakana chiyesocho, anakana mkanda uwu, wopangidwa ndi diamondi 650 (2800 carats), misala yoperekedwa pamtengo wokwera kwambiri! M'zaka zingapo, chinyengo chachikulu chidzamusokoneza. Mfumukaziyi idaberedwapo zamtundu wina.. Olakwa ndi othandizana nawo amalangidwa mosiyana. Marie Antoinette ndi wosalakwa, koma chipongwechi chikuwonjezera chidani cha anthu. Zomwe mungawone ku Smithsonian ku Washington si mkanda wa Mfumukazi, koma ndolo za diamondi zomwe zimayenera kukhala zake.

diamondi zakumwamba

Mtengo wa meteorite

Mu Meyi 1864, meteorite, mwina chidutswa cha comet, idagwa m'munda m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Orgay ku Tarn-et-Garonne. Wakuda, wosuta komanso wagalasi, amalemera 14 kg. Chondrite chosowa kwambiri ichi chili ndi nanodiamonds. Zitsanzo zikuphunziridwabe padziko lonse lapansi. Ku France, ntchitozi zikuwonetsedwa m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale a Paris ndi Montauban.

dziko la diamondi

Dziko lamiyalali lili ndi dzina lolimba kwambiri: 55 Cancri-e. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo adachipeza mu 2011 ndipo adachipeza kuti chimapangidwa ndi diamondi zambiri.

Kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwa Dziko Lapansi ndi kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kamodzi kulemera kwake, sikuli kwa dongosolo la dzuwa. Ili mu gulu la nyenyezi la Cancer, 40 kuwala zaka kutali (1 kuwala chaka = 9461 biliyoni km).

Timaganizira kale zamatsenga zomwe Tintin, mpira wake wolimba mtima wa Chipale chofewa, akuwoneka ngati nyenyezi zowoneka bwino za diamondi zazikulu. Kafukufuku akupitilira, koma zenizeni mwina sizokongola kwambiri!

Katundu ndi zabwino za diamondi mu lithotherapy

M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, diamondi ndi chizindikiro cha kukhazikika, mwala wa chiyanjanitso, kukhulupirika ndi chikondi chaukwati. Ngakhale lero, titatha zaka 60 m’banja, timakondwerera chaka cha ukwati wa diamondi.

Daimondi ndi mthandizi wabwino kwambiri wa lithotherapy, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa mikhalidwe yake, imakulitsa ukoma wa miyala ina. Udindo wolimbikitsawu woperekedwa ndi mphamvu zake zonyanyira uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru chifukwa umakondanso kukulitsa zisonkhezero zoipa.

Daimondi yoyera (yowonekera) imayimira chiyero, kusalakwa. Kuyeretsa kwake kumateteza ku mafunde a electromagnetic.

Ubwino Wa Diamondi Polimbana ndi Matenda Athupi

• Amayendetsa metabolism.
• Amachotsa ziwengo.
• Amachepetsa kuluma, kuluma.
• Amathandiza kuchiza matenda a maso.
• Kumapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.
• Amalimbikitsa kugona bwino, amathamangitsa maloto owopsa.

Ubwino wa diamondi pa psyche ndi maubale

• Amalimbikitsa moyo wogwirizana.
• Perekani kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu.
• Amathetsa ululu wamaganizo.
• Amachepetsa kupsinjika maganizo komanso amapereka kumverera kwabwino.
• Bweretsani chiyembekezo.
• Amakopa kuchuluka.
• Imamveketsa maganizo.
• Kumawonjezera luso.
• Amalimbikitsa kuphunzira, kuphunzira.

Daimondi imabweretsa mtendere wozama ku moyo, choncho imagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi 7 chakra (sahasrara), korona chakra yokhudzana ndi chidziwitso chauzimu.

Kuyeretsa diamondi ndi recharge

Pakuti kuyeretsa, mchere, osungunula kapena demineralized madzi ndi abwino kwa iye.

Daimondi ili ndi gwero lamphamvu kotero kuti silifuna kuwonjezeredwa kwapadera.

Kufotokozera komaliza: "Herkimer diamondi" yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa mu lithotherapy si diamondi. Iyi ndi quartz yowonekera kwambiri kuchokera ku mgodi wa Herkimer ku USA.

Kodi mwakhala ndi mwayi wokhala mwini diamondi? Kodi mwakwanitsa kudziwonera nokha zabwino za mchere wapamwamba kwambiri? Khalani omasuka kugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo mu gawo la ndemanga pansipa!