Baldr

M’gulu la milungu ya ku Scandinavia, muli mkangano ndi mulungu Ase (wotchedwa Balder). Mwana wa Odin ndi Frigg , waubwenzi, woyera, wachilungamo, amadabwa ndi kufatsa kwake; nzeru , chifundo ndi kufunitsitsa kuthandizira, makhalidwe onse omwe samagwirizana kwenikweni ndi zomwe tingathe kudziwa za makhalidwe akale a Nordic, osachepera pa nthawi yomwe imawululidwa ndi malemba, ndiko kuti, mu Viking Age. Balder ndi wokongola komanso wowoneka bwino. Mwana amene anabala kuchokera kwa mkazi wake Nanna tsiku lina adzakhala mulungu wa chilungamo: Forseti (Frisian, fosit). Ku Asgardhra, nyumba yachifumu yaikulu kumene milungu imakhala, amakhala ku Breidhublik (Kuwala Kwakukulu). Pamene dziko likugwa, pa tsiku la Destiny of the Forces (Ragnarok), adzauka kachiwiri ndikutsogolera chitsitsimutso chonse.

Ngakhale kuti chirichonse chikusonyeza kuti uyu ndi mulungu wa dzuwa, dzuŵa limasangalala ndi chipembedzo chodziwika bwino kumpoto, makamaka mu Scandinavia Bronze Age (~ 1500- ~ 400), osati chifukwa chakuti amatchedwa "woyera kwambiri wa Aesir." ", Koma chifukwa ambiri mwa zikhalidwe kapena nthano zomwe zimanenedwa kwa iye zimafanana Baala , Tamuzi, Adonis (amene dzina lake limatanthauza “mbuye” monga liwulo dazi ). Chikhalidwe chake chopanda chidwi ndi chochititsa chidwi: zochita zochepa zosaiŵalika kapena zochitika zapamwamba zimachitidwa ndi iye.

Komabe, nthano zingapo zokhudzana ndi iye ndi othirira ndemanga, choyamba, ponena za imfa yake. Chifukwa cha matsenga a amayi ake, Frigga, adakhala wosavulazidwa, ndipo milungu imadziseketsa pomuponyera zida zamitundu yonse kuti ayese chitetezo. Koma Loki , mulungu wa zoipa wobisika, analambalala zomera zonyozeka kwambiri - mistletoe ( mistilsteinn), chomwe sichinakwaniritse pempho la Frigg. Loki akugwira dzanja la mchimwene wake wakhungu wa Balder, Hödr, yemwe dzina lake limatanthauza "nkhondo," ndi muvi wa mistletoe ndikuwongolera kuwombera kwake: Balder akugwa, kupachikidwa. Mantha ali paliponse. Mwana wina wa Odin, Hermodhr, amapita ku Underworld, yemwe amapeza kuti Balder alidi pansi pa Hel wonyansa, mulungu wamkazi wa malo a akufa. Pamapeto pake, akupereka: adzabwerera Balder kudziko la milungu ngati zamoyo zonse zikulira maliro ake. Kotero, Frigga akuwonekera pa phwando, yemwe amafunsa aliyense wamoyo, anthu, nyama ndi zomera, kuti alire Balder. Ndipo aliyense amavomereza, kupatulapo mayi wachikulire wonyansa Tyokk, yemwe si wina koma Loki, wotulukanso. Motero, Balder adzakhalabe mu ufumu wa Hel. Milungu ili naye

Zikuwonekeratu kwa aliyense kuti tikulimbana ndi zovuta zonyansa kwambiri. Kumbali ina, zisonkhezero zachikristu zikuonekera bwino lomwe m’nkhaniyi. Mulungu wabwino, woperekedwa nsembe ndi kuipa koyera, nsembe yachindunji ya mzimu woipa, koma wopatulidwira kuyang’anira kubadwanso kosandulika, alinso Kristu, “Khristu Woyera,” monga momwe a Nordics achikunja amanenera. Zaka za m'ma Middle Ages zili ndi nthano zachikhristu zomwe zimapanga zofanana zambiri ndi nthano za Balder, monga nkhani ya Longinus wakhungu yemwe adalasa Khristu ndi mkondo wake, kapena nkhani ya Yudasi kutsutsa chenicheni cha mtengowo kuti asasiye. mtanda Za Yesu... Magnus Olsen ankanena kuti chipembedzo cha Balder ndi chipembedzo cha Khristu chomwe chinabweretsedwa kumpoto mu mawonekedwe achikunja kuzungulira 700; kufotokoza uku sikungathetsedwe. Chikunja cha ku Finnish chinadziŵanso kufanana koteroko ponena za tsoka lomalizira la Lemmikainen mu Kalevale .

Kumbali ina, mayina a malo ouziridwa ndi Baldrs amagwirizana makamaka ndi chipembedzo cha mphamvu zachilengedwe: Mount Baldr (Baldersberg), Hill Baldr (Baldrshol), Cape Baldrsness, ndi zina zotero. kumpoto komwe kumadziwika ndi kuyera kwake kwapadera, baldrsbrar (kwenikweni: "nsidze ya Balder"); izi zinachititsa Fraser kupanga Balder mulungu wa zomera, mwakutero kugwa pansi pa chisonkhezero cha chonde-chobala. Momwemonso, adatsutsabe kuti Balder adzakhala mtengo wa oak (ndithudi, Ajeremani amalambira mitengo, ndi Aselote, omwe nthano zawo zinakhudza nthano za Norse muzinthu zambiri, zimalemekeza mtengo wa oak), womwe umakhala mu symbiosis. mistletoe, koma imafa ngati tizilombo tadula.

Komabe, monga mu Eddah pa ndipo pazochitika zoyaka moto, Balder nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati mulungu wankhondo, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zonsezi, ndipo Saxon Grammaticus ikuwoneka kuti ikugwirizana ndi maganizo awa.

Yankho silingatanthauze - "Ambuye" - dzina lenileni la Balder (monga, ndithudi, chifukwa Freyr)., dzina limene lili ndi tanthauzo lofanana)? Choncho, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mbiri yakale komwe kunkachitika kawirikawiri komanso kofunikira kumpoto, tikhoza kukhala ndi dzina lomwe linkagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kwa milungu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe ndi tropism ya magulu akuluakulu. Kumpoto: poyambirira, m'nthawi zakale, alimi akadapereka dzinali kwa mulungu wobala-chonde; ndi mafunde a oukira Indo-European, latsopano "Overlord" adzakhala superimposed, amene adzatsatira kusinthika kwa anthu kotero anakhazikitsa kumpoto, ndipo potsirizira pake kutenga mbali kwambiri nkhondo. Dzuwa lidzakhalabe maziko ofunikira, mosakayikira tate wa chonde chonse, koma kumene ngwazi zonse ndi milungu yankhondo zimachokera mosapeŵeka.