Mtundu wa lalanje

Mtundu chiphunzitso, kapena mtundu chiphunzitso, ndi yaikulu interdisciplinary munda wa chidziwitso, phunziro kafukufuku ndi chitsanzo cha zomverera mtundu anthu, komanso chiphunzitso ndi zothandiza mbali zonse zakunja nawo ndondomekoyi. M’zaka mazana zotsatira, chidziŵitso chokhudza mtundu chinali chozikidwa pa kuona chilengedwe ndi zochitika, ndipo kuyesera konse kufotokoza kaonedwe ka mitundu kunabwera m’malingaliro. Ngakhale m'nthawi zakale, ojambula adawona kuti kuphatikiza kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapereka zotsatira zatsopano, nthawi zina zodabwitsa. Ndipo anali ojambula omwe, mothandizidwa ndi kuyesa mwachilengedwe kusakaniza mitundu pa penti yojambula, adapanga nkhani yodabwitsa ya mtundu womwe unatipatsa Gothic, Renaissance kapena Baroque.

Mwachitsanzo, lalanje

Mu 150 A.D. Claudius Ptolemy anali woyamba kufotokoza zochitika za kugawanika kwa kuwala. Ananenanso kuti si zinthu zokha komanso kuwala kumakhala ndi mtundu umodzi. M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zitatu, Roger Bacon anayesa kufotokoza zochitika za utawaleza ndi kugawanika kwa kuwala mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, vuto la mtundu wamtundu lidadziwika m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, ndipo kafukufuku wokhudza chiyambi chake, chikoka pa anthu ndi zizindikiro zikupitilirabe mpaka pano.

Mwachitsanzo, lalanje amagawidwa ngati mabanja amitundu yowala ndipo amachokera ku phale la mitundu yowonjezera. Amapezeka mwa kusakaniza mitundu iwiri yayikulu: yofiira ndi yachikasu. Dzina la mtundu uwu amachokera ku lalanjechoncho mtundu ndi lalanje kapena lalanje... Kuyanjana kwa lalanje ndi zipatso za citrus mophiphiritsa kumatanthawuza zonse zachilendo, zolimbikitsa komanso zosangalatsa... Ndi mtundu womwe umalankhula za kulimba mtima mukuchita, kudziimira ndi chiopsezo... Amanyamula chisangalalo ndi mphamvu zokhazikika. Imadekha ikasanduka yachikasu ndipo imasangalala ikasanduka yofiira. Anthu omwe amakonda lalanje amadziwika ndi chilakolako, chilakolako ndi kutsimikiza kuchitapo kanthu. Amakonda zosangalatsa ndi kucheza, ndipo amakonda moyo nthawi zonse. Orange imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, gawo losangalatsa kwambiri la tsiku loperekedwa kuzinthu zaumwini.

Orange muzochita

Koma popeza lalanje ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino kapena wowala, umagwiritsidwa ntchito chizindikiro cha zizindikiro zochenjeza, choyamba, kudziwitsa za ngozi yomwe ikubwera. Mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma lifejackets, ma lifejackets, ma lifebuoys, ma vests a ogwira ntchito yomanga, kuphatikiza kupanga misewu, ndi zipewa zachitetezo. Orange imasiyana ndi mitundu yonse ya mpweya, dziko lapansi ndi madzi. Zowoneka patali ndipo sichitaya mphamvu yake kwakanthawi, sichilumikizana ndi mpweya ngakhale madzulo, komanso imakhala ndi phosphorized mu kuwala kochita kupanga kwa nyali.

Orange idachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakukonza mkati pomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula khoma. Masiku ano m'nyumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo, makamaka kuti chipindacho chikhale chatsopano komanso chosiyana, mwachitsanzo, ndi imvi kapena buluu ya Scandinavia. Mawu a lalanje m'chipinda chochezera kapena kuchipinda akuwonetsa kutentha ndi chitonthozo, kumayambitsa mayanjano ndi moto ndi dzuwa.

Orange zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana

Ku China, lalanje limadziwika kuti lili pakati pa chikasu, chomwe chimayimira ungwiro, ndi chofiira, chomwe chimaimira chisangalalo (onani: zizindikiro za chisangalalo). Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo zimadziwika ndi kusintha, komanso uzimu. Zachikasu ndi zofiira zimatsutsana wina ndi mzake, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa lalanje, momwe mbali zabwino za onse awiri zimazindikiridwa. Mu Buddhism, lalanje limagwira ntchito yapadera, izo mtundu wa kuunikira ndi ungwiro mu gawo lake loyera... Amonke Achibuda a Theravada amavala miinjiro ya lalanje, yomwe nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi nsalu zofiira zamoto. Choncho, lalanje amaimira luntha, uzimu, kudzipereka, ntchito ndi changu.

Komanso lalanje imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu feng shui, mchitidwe wakale waku China wokonzekera danga. Apa akuimira chakra chachiwiri - nyonga, zilandiridwenso, komanso chikhumbo, chinthu chimene ndi kovuta kulamulira.

Orange kuzungulira ife

Mtundu wa lalanje ndi mithunzi yake yonse pafupi nayo amagwiritsa ntchito malonda amakono... chifukwa mtundu uwu kumapangitsa chilakolako ndi kukomakomanso imatulutsa mphamvu zamagulu, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zambiri. Orange imatha kuwoneka pamapaketi a tchipisi, maswiti ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zina zambiri, akulimbikitsidwa kukongoletsa malo odyera ndi zakudya zofulumira... Mphamvu zake zodetsa nkhawa zapangidwa kuti zidzutse chikhumbo chofuna zambiri.