Pemphigus

Chidule cha pemphigus

Pemphigus ndi matenda omwe amachititsa matuza pakhungu ndi mkati mwa mkamwa, mphuno, mmero, maso, ndi kumaliseche. Matendawa ndi osowa ku United States.

Pemphigus ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira molakwika ma cell omwe ali pamwamba pa khungu (epidermis) ndi mucous nembanemba. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amapanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi desmogleins, mapuloteni omwe amamanga maselo a khungu wina ndi mzake. Zomangirazi zikasweka, khungu limakhala lolimba ndipo madzimadzi amatha kuwunjikana pakati pa zigawo zake, kupanga matuza.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya pemphigus, koma ikuluikulu iwiri ndi:

• Pemphigus vulgaris, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudza khungu ndi mucous nembanemba, monga mkati mwa mkamwa.
• Pemphigus foliaceus, yomwe imakhudza khungu lokha.

Matenda a pemphigus alibe mankhwala, koma nthawi zambiri amatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala.

Ndani amapeza pemphigus?

Mutha kutenga pemphigus ngati muli ndi zinthu zina zowopsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mtundu. Ngakhale kuti pemphigus imapezeka pakati pa mafuko ndi mafuko, anthu ena ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha mitundu ina ya matendawa. Anthu achiyuda (makamaka Ashkenazi), India, Southeast Europe, kapena Middle East makolo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pemphigus vulgaris.
• Malo okhala. Pemphigus vulgaris ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma pemphigus foliaceus imapezeka m'malo ena, monga madera akumidzi ku Brazil ndi Tunisia.
• Jenda ndi zaka. Azimayi amadwala matenda a pemphigus vulgaris nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna, ndipo zaka zoyamba kumene zimakhala pakati pa zaka 50 ndi 60. Pemphigus foliaceus nthawi zambiri imakhudza amuna ndi akazi mofanana, koma m'madera ena, amayi amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa amuna. Ngakhale kuti msinkhu wa pemphigus foliaceus nthawi zambiri umakhala wazaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 60, m'madera ena, zizindikiro zimatha kuonekera paubwana.
• Majini. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa matendawa m'madera ena kumachitika chifukwa cha chibadwa. Mwachitsanzo, deta imasonyeza kuti mitundu ina m'banja la chibadwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi chotchedwa HLA chimagwirizana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha pemphigus vulgaris ndi pemphigus foliaceus.
• Mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, pemphigus imapezeka chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala ena, monga maantibayotiki ena ndi mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mankhwala okhala ndi gulu lamankhwala lotchedwa thiol adalumikizidwanso ndi pemphigus.
• Khansa Nthawi zina, kukula kwa chotupa, makamaka kukula kwa lymph node, tonsil kapena thymus gland, kungayambitse matendawa.

Mitundu ya pemphigus

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya pemphigus ndipo amagawidwa molingana ndi khungu lomwe matuza amapanga komanso pomwe matuza amakhala pathupi. Mtundu wa ma antibodies omwe akuukira maselo a khungu amathandizanso kudziwa mtundu wa pemphigus.

Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya pemphigus ndi:

• Pemphigus vulgaris ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri ku United States. Matuza amapangidwa mkamwa ndi m'malo ena a mucous, komanso pakhungu. Iwo amakula mu zigawo zakuya za epidermis ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowawa. Pali mtundu wa matenda otchedwa pemphigus autonomicus, momwe matuza amapanga makamaka mu groin ndi pansi pa makhwapa.
• Leaf pemphigus zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimakhudza khungu lokha. Matuza amapanga pamwamba pa epidermis ndipo amatha kuyabwa kapena kuwawa.

Mitundu ina yosowa ya pemphigus ndi:

• Paraneoplastic pemphigus. Mtundu uwu umadziwika ndi zilonda zam'kamwa ndi milomo, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi matuza kapena zotupa pakhungu ndi zina za mucous. Ndi mtundu uwu, mavuto aakulu a m'mapapo amatha kuchitika. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chotupa, ndipo matendawa amatha kusintha ngati chotupacho chichotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.
• IgA pemphigus. Fomu iyi imayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wa antibody wotchedwa IgA. Matuza kapena tokhala nthawi zambiri amawonekera m'magulu kapena mphete pakhungu.
• mankhwala pemphigus. Mankhwala ena, monga maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala othamanga kwa magazi, ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi gulu lamankhwala lotchedwa thiol, amatha kuyambitsa matuza kapena zilonda zonga pemphigus. Matuza ndi zilonda nthawi zambiri zimatha mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawa.

Pemphigoid ndi matenda omwe ndi osiyana ndi pemphigus koma amagawana zinthu zina. Pemphigoid imayambitsa kugawanika pakati pa epidermis ndi dermis, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matuza olimba omwe sathyoka mosavuta.

Zizindikiro za pemphigus

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha pemphigus ndi matuza pakhungu ndipo, nthawi zina, mucous nembanemba monga mkamwa, mphuno, mmero, maso, ndi kumaliseche. Matuzawo ndi ophwanyika ndipo amakonda kuphulika, zomwe zimapangitsa zilonda zolimba. Matuza a pakhungu angaunjikane, n’kupanga zigamba zopyapyala zomwe sachedwa kutenga matenda ndi kutulutsa madzi ambiri. Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa pemphigus.

• Pemphigus vulgaris matuza nthawi zambiri amayamba mkamwa, koma pambuyo pake amawonekera pakhungu. Khungu limatha kukhala lochita kupunduka kwambiri moti limaphwanyidwa ndi chala. Zilonda zam'madzi monga mphuno, mmero, maso, ndi maliseche zimathanso kukhudzidwa.

  Matuzawo amapanga mkatikati mwa epidermis ndipo nthawi zambiri amawawa.

• Leaf pemphigus zimangokhudza khungu. Matuza nthawi zambiri amawonekera kumaso, m'mutu, pachifuwa, kapena kumtunda kumbuyo, koma amatha kufalikira kumadera ena athupi pakapita nthawi. Malo omwe akhudzidwa pakhungu amatha kupsa ndi kufota m'mizere kapena mamba. Matuza amapanga pamwamba pa epidermis ndipo amatha kuyabwa kapena kuwawa.

Zifukwa za pemphigus

Pemphigus ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe amapezeka pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimalimbana ndi khungu lathanzi. Mamolekyu a chitetezo cha mthupi otchedwa ma antibodies amalimbana ndi mapuloteni otchedwa desmogleins, omwe amathandiza kumanga maselo a khungu oyandikana nawo. Zomangirazi zikasweka, khungu limakhala lophwanyika ndipo madzimadzi amatha kulowa pakati pa zigawo za maselo, kupanga matuza.

Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cha mthupi chimateteza thupi ku matenda ndi matenda. Ofufuza sadziwa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiyatse mapuloteni a m'thupi, koma amakhulupirira kuti chibadwa ndi chilengedwe zimakhudzidwa. Chinachake m'chilengedwe chingayambitse pemphigus mwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chifukwa cha chibadwa chawo. Nthawi zambiri, pemphigus imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi chotupa kapena mankhwala ena.