Magawo a msambo

Msambo ndi nthawi yomwe imabwereza pafupifupi masiku 28 aliwonse. Motero, thupi la mkazi limakonzekera kukumana ndi umuna. Msambo umakhala ndi njira zitatu: endocrine cycle, ovulatory (ovarian) ndi endometrial (uterine). Hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland zimatumiza zizindikiro ku mazira ndi chiberekero. Ntchito zonse zimadalirana.

1. Kodi nthawi ya msambo ndi yotani?

• Kuzungulira kwa Hormonal

Ntchito ya ovary imadalira mahomoni awiri: hormone ya luteinizing ndi follitropin. Mahomoniwa amapangidwa ndi pituitary gland. Koma kuti pituitary gland itulutse lutein ndi follitropin, iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi GnRH (hormone yotulutsidwa ndi hypothalamus).

Kusamba kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa follicle-stimulating hormone. Choncho, mazirawa amalimbikitsidwa kuti apange ndikukula Graaff follicle. Pakhoza kukhala thovu zingapo. Apa ndi pamene dzira limakhwima. Estrogens amapangidwa ndi makoma a follicles omasulidwa.

Ma Estrogens ndi mahomoni omwe amatsimikizira za kugonana kwa mkazi (chibelekero, machubu a fallopian, maliseche akunja) ndi kuthekera kwake kuti akwaniritse chikhumbo. Mlingo wa follitropin umakwera. Chifukwa cha izi, thovu limodzi limayamba kulamulira ena. Follicle iyi imatulutsa estrogen yochulukirapo, yomwe imachepetsa ma follitropin. Apa ndipamene mayankho amabwera. Follitropin ndiyomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa ma follicles. Komanso, lutotropin kwa gawo la kuchepa kwawo, i.e. ovulation.

Chifukwa cha follitropin, dzira limatulutsidwa kuchokera ku Graaff follicle. Zotsalira za follicle pansi pa zochita za hormone zimasanduka corpus luteum, yomwe imapanga estrogen ndi progesterone. Ngati umuna suchitika, corpus luteum imafa. Estrogen ndi progesterone sizimapangidwanso. Pituitary gland imakonzekera kuzungulira kotsatira. Choncho amayambanso kupanga follitropin.

• ovarian kuzungulira

Mtsikana aliyense akabadwa amakhala ndi mazira angapo, omwe ndi nkhokwe yake kwa moyo wonse. Mazirawa akuzunguliridwa ndi primordial follicles. Pali pafupifupi 400 ma follicles oterowo m'mimba mwake. Chipinda chilichonse chimakhala ndi dzira limodzi. Pituitary gland imayamba kupanga follitropin. Izi ndizolimbikitsa kuti ma follicles ayambe kukula. Ma thovuwo amatupa akadzazidwa ndi madzi, kupanga kuwira patsekeke.

Mbali ya maselo mkati mwa follicle ili mu zowonjezera zomwe zikuyang'anizana ndi lumen ya follicle. Maselo ena onse amapita kunja ndi kupanga granular wosanjikiza. Follicle imodzi yokha imapangidwa mokwanira kuti ikhale ndi moyo. Ena akufa. Makoma a follicle yopangidwa amapanga ma estrogens omwe amalimbikitsa pituitary gland. Pituitary gland imatulutsa timadzi ta luteinizing. Chifukwa cha hormone iyi, ovulation ndi zotheka, ndiko kuti, kumasulidwa kwa dzira.

Pamene ovulation imachitika komanso nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti ovulation ikhale yofunika kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera zachilengedwe. Izi zimafuna kumvetsetsa bwino thupi la munthu. Nthawi zina zimachitika kwa mkazi anovulatory cycle. Zotsalira za follicle pansi pa zochita za luteinizing hormone zimasanduka corpus luteum. Ubwamuna ukalephera, thupi limasanduka lachikasu kukhala loyera ndipo limafa.

Msambo (msambo) ndi woyamba gawo lozungulira. Zimatenga masiku 5. Mu gawo lachiwiri, panthawi ya ovarian, follicle imakhwima. Ili ndi tsiku la 6-14 la kuzungulira. Gawoli limatchedwa follicular phase. Gawo lomaliza (luteal phase) limapitilira kuchokera ku ovulation kupita ku rebleeding. Imafika masiku 15-28. Tsiku loyamba la kutuluka magazi ndilo tsiku loyamba la kuzungulira. Kumbali ina, tsiku lomaliza la kuzungulira ndi tsiku lisanayambe kutulutsanso magazi.

• uterine kuzungulira

Mzere wa chiberekero umasintha pang'onopang'ono panthawi yozungulira. Mothandizidwa ndi ma estrogens, minyewa yake imakhala yokhuthala komanso yokulirapo. Mukakumana ndi progesterone pachiberekero, mphuno imayamba kutulutsa madzi apadera omwe mwana wosabadwayo amadya. Ngati umuna sunakwaniritsidwe, mucosa imayamba kuphulika.

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