Zojambula za Maori: Chidziwitso Chatsatanetsatane cha Chikhalidwe Chachikhalidwe ndi Tanthauzo la Ma Tattoo a Maori

Kudziwa mbiri ya ma tattoo enieni ndikofunikira kuti mupeze mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a ma tattoo. Chiyambi cha tattoo, chikhalidwe chake ndi mbiri yakale, ndi tanthauzo zingathe kukhudza kwambiri chisankho, makamaka pankhani yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe ndi nkhani zofanana zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za chikhalidwe.

Zojambula za Maori ndi imodzi mwazojambula zodziwika kwambiri. Komabe, ambiri sadziwa n’komwe kuti ma tattoo omwe amapanga ndi a chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, ndipo, osadziwa za chidziwitso chofunikira chotero, amavomereza chikhalidwe. Ena, ngakhale akudziwa za ma tattoo a Maori, amapezabe mapangidwe azikhalidwe ndikudzinenera umwini, zomwe zimachepetsa chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya Maori.

Mwamwayi, anthu ochulukirachulukira akuchulukirachulukira za zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zama tattoo komanso magwero a ma tattoo achikhalidwe. Komabe, nthawi zonse pali chinachake choti tiphunzire, choncho tinaganiza zopita mwatsatanetsatane za chiyambi cha chikhalidwe ndi tanthauzo la ma tattoo a Maori. Kotero, popanda kuchedwa, tiyeni tiyambe!

Chizindikiro cha Maori: Chitsogozo Chokwanira cha tattoo

Chiyambi

Ma tattoo a Chimaori, omwe amatchedwa ma tatoo a moko, ndi mtundu wamaluso amaso ndi thupi omwe adachokera ku New Zealand. Zaka mazana ambiri apaulendo a ku Ulaya asanafike, anthu a mtundu wa Maori ankadziwika kuti ndi omenyana ndi oteteza dziko lawo, nthawi zambiri ankadzilemba pankhope ndi m'matupi awo kusonyeza kudzipereka kwawo ndi kufunitsitsa kuteteza dziko lawo ndi fuko lawo, komanso udindo wawo, udindo wawo ndi amuna. . .

Anthu a mtundu wa Maori ankakonda kukhala asodzi, amalinyero komanso amalinyero aluso kwambiri. Analinso ndi luso loumba mbiya, kumanga mabwato, kulima zomera, kusaka nyama ndi zina.

Inde, Amaori anali aluso kwambiri pa kujambula. Ma tattoo a Moko amakhulupirira kuti amachokera ku nthano za Maori komanso nkhani ya mfumukazi ya kudziko la pansi Niwareka ndi mnyamata wina dzina lake Mataora.

Nivareka anachitiridwa nkhanza ndi Mataora, kenako anamusiya n’kubwerera kudziko la akufa. Mataora anaganiza zopita kukafunafuna Nivareki; paulendo, nkhope yake idapakidwa utoto, ndipo mawonekedwe ake onse adanyozedwa kwambiri. Komabe, Mataora anapeza Nivareka, amene anavomera kupepesa kwake. Monga mphatso, abambo a Nivareki adaphunzitsa Mataoru kupanga ma tatoo a moko kuti utoto wapankhope wawo usadzabwerenso.

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi, tingathe kudziwa kuti anthu amtundu wa Maori ankachita mitundu ina ya zojambulajambula zapathupi kale mwambo wa Moko usanachitike. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mwambo wojambula nkhope ndi thupi unafalikira kuchokera kuzilumba zina za ku Polynesia.

Dziko lapansi linaphunzira za anthu a mtundu wa Maori chifukwa cha Azungu. Komabe, uwu sunali msonkhano wopambana wa zikhalidwe ziwiri zosiyana. Azungu, monga mwa nthawi zonse, anaona mwayi wolanda dziko la New Zealand, komanso anthu a mtundu wa Maori. Komabe, nthawi ino Azungu anachita chidwi ndi maonekedwe a Amaori, makamaka chifukwa cha zojambulajambula pa nkhope ndi thupi. Chikoka chawo chinali champhamvu kwambiri moti anayamba kupha anthu a mtundu wa Maori n’kupita nawo kwawo monga zikumbutso. Anthu a mtundu wa Maori mpaka anakakamizika kusiya zojambulajambula za moko chifukwa choopa "alenje abwino".

mtengo

Zikafika pa tanthauzo la ma tattoo a moko, nthawi zambiri amayimira chimodzi mwazinthu izi; udindo, udindo, fuko, umuna, ndi akazi, udindo ndi udindo. Ma tattoo a Moko nthawi zambiri amaimira omwe amavala komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza udindo wawo mu fuko. Zojambula zamoto nthawi zambiri zimatengera tanthauzo lamwambo kwa anthu amtundu wa Maori, omwe amaimiridwa ndi ma spiral and curvilinear.

Kutengera komwe kuli ma tattoo a moko, amatha kukhala ndi matanthauzo ndi zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo;

Ngakhale pali mayanjano ambiri a ma tattoo a moko mowopseza komanso mwankhanza, monga tikuwonera, tanthauzo la ma tattoo awa silingapitirire pamenepo. Zojambulajambulazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti zithandize kuzindikira ndi kupeza zambiri zokhudza munthu wa Maori pongowayang'ana.

Zojambulajambula ndi njira yodziwika, makamaka ngati anthu akumana koyamba. Izi siziri konse zimene Amaori amagwiritsira ntchito kaamba ka chiwawa ndi mantha, monga momwe anthu amakhulupilira kaŵirikaŵiri, chifukwa cha chiyambi cha makolo awo ndi njira ya moyo yakale, ndi mmene anthu a Azungu ankazionera.

Anthu a ku Ulaya ankakhulupirira kuti anthu a mtundu wa Maori ankadzilemba zizindikiro kumaso ndi matupi awo pofuna kuopseza adani pankhondo kapena pofuna kukopa akazi. Palinso kutanthauzira kwa ma tattoo a moko monga chizindikiro cha nkhondo, kudya anthu komanso kugonana. Zoonadi, anthu akamaphunzira zambiri za Chimaori, m'pamenenso tinkamvetsetsa chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya Amaori, komanso chiyambi ndi tanthauzo la zojambula za moko.

Tsoka ilo, ngakhale lero, anthu ena amatengera chikhalidwe cha Maori ndi ma tattoo a moko. Komabe, kuvomereza kuchulukira kwa ma tatoo apadera komanso opatsa chidwi a moko kukuwonetsa momwe ife monga gulu tiyambira kulemekeza chikhalidwe cha anthu ena osati kungogwiritsa ntchito mosasamala chikhalidwe chawo ndikuchiyika pathupi lathu chifukwa chodzilemba bwino.

Ma tattoo a Moko sikuti amangophatikiza mizere yophatikizika kukhala yosangalatsa. Zojambulajambulazi zikuyimira munthu, mbiri yakale, chikhalidwe, miyambo, zikhulupiriro, ndi zina.

Chidziwitso Chamakono cha Moco

Moko, amene amatchulidwa mofala monga ma tattoo a mafuko masiku ano, atengera chikhalidwe chawo ndi matanthauzidwe amakono ndi kutengera chikhalidwe, makamaka ndi Azungu. Ngakhale kuti chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chomwe chilipo ndikungodina kamodzi kokha, anthu ena sakudziwabe za anthu a Moko ndi Maori, kapena kunyalanyaza dala chikhalidwe cha Moko.

Tsoka ilo, anthu omwe sali pachibale ndi mafuko a Amaori amajambulabe ma tatoo a moko ndipo amagwiritsabe ntchito ma tatoo a moko m'mafashoni ndi kapangidwe kake kusonyeza "m'mene alili ophatikizika komanso ochereza alendo ochokera kuzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana."

Mwachitsanzo, mu 2008/2009, wojambula wotchuka wa ku France Jean Paul Gaultier anagwiritsa ntchito anthu osakhala achimaori okhala ndi ma tatoo a moko kupititsa patsogolo zojambula zake zaposachedwa. Mwachilengedwe, ambiri amawona kuti kusankha kwamitundu iyi kukhala kokhumudwitsa kwambiri, makamaka pachithunzi chomwe mtundu wa moko udayima atakhala ndi miyendo yotambasula.

Gauthier tsopano anayesa kudzilongosola ponena kuti anapeza chikhalidwe cha Maori chokongola ndi chachilendo ndipo angafune kuti anthu a m’dziko lake azindikire kukongola kofananako (polemba ganyu anthu osakhala Achimaori, ndithudi, mu zovala zake ndi magalasi). Tiyeni tikhale enieni; Moko mu nkhaniyi ndikungopereka msonkho kwa mafashoni ndi njira yokopa chidwi cha anthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, vuto limabwera pamene New Zealand ilidi ndi Maori Arts Council yomwe imayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chizindikiro cha Moko ndi zaluso zachi Maori. Akadakhala kuti Gaultier adalumikizana nawo asanaphatikizepo moko m'gulu lake, ikadakhala nkhani ina. Koma ayi. Ndipo lingalirani momwe Amaori anamvera; ankaona kuti alibe ulemu.

Tsopano tiyeni tifulumire ku 2022. Patsiku la Khrisimasi 2021, mtolankhani wakale wakale wa New Zealand Maori Orini Kaipara adapanga mbiri ndikukhala mlendo woyamba kuwulutsa nthawi yadziko lonse yokhala ndi tattoo ya moko pachibwano chake.

Zaka makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu zapitazo sizikadatheka, koma Kaipara adachita izi ndikutulutsa mitu padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu adadziwa za izi mu Januware 2022 ndipo adafotokoza momwe tsopano tikulandirira zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi zilembo zaulemu, komanso kulimba mtima kwa Kaipara kuyimirira monyadira pamaso pa makamera.

Kotero, m'zaka 15, zambiri zasintha ndipo, mosakayika, zidzasintha kwambiri. Kugawidwa kwa chikhalidwe kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zapitazi ndipo anthu ayamba kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, kusowa kwa maphunziro ndi zolakwika zokhudzana ndi zikhalidwe zina ndi miyambo yawo, makamaka akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu amitundu ndi zikhalidwe zina.

Zoonadi, Azungu angakhale osazoloŵera kwa anthu okhala ndi zizindikiro za nkhope zonse, ndipo ndithudi, angakhale ndi chidwi ndi mwambo wa Moko, koma izi sizipatsa aliyense ufulu wongotenga chikhalidwe cha wina ndikuchisintha kukhala chojambula chosangalatsa cha mafuko. Kwa anthu amtundu wa Maori, ma tatoo awo a moko ndi opatulika, cholumikizira ku zakale ndi makolo awo, komanso chizindikiritso. Izi siziyenera kukhala pulojekiti yachisawawa yamunthu pomwe anthu aku Maori akufunitsitsa kuteteza chikhalidwe chawo.

Kufotokozera kwa mapangidwe a Moko

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe komanso tanthauzo la ma tattoo a moko, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ma tattoo a moko payekhapayekha ndikuwunika matanthauzo ake.

Moyo Wakumanzere

Mapangidwe a tattoo a moko awa adatengera nthano ya Maui. Tsopano Maui anali womaliza mwa abale 5. Mayi ake a Maui atamubereka, ankaganiza kuti wamwalira. Kenako anadula nsonga yake n’kuikulunga n’kuiponya m’nyanja. Potsirizira pake. Maui adawonekera pamphepete mwa nyanja pomwe tohanga (katswiri wodziwa luso lililonse / zaluso) adamupeza.

Mwachibadwa, tohunga analera Mauri ndikumuphunzitsa kusuntha kwake, yemwenso anakulira kuti adziwe njira zingapo ndi luso. Amakhulupirira kuti Maui anawonjezera masiku, kubweretsa moto kwa anthu ndipo pafupifupi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu onse asafa. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi nkhani ya momwe Maui adatulukira dziko la New Zealand.

Nga Hau E Wah

Kutanthauziridwa mu Chingerezi, Nga Hau E Wha amatanthauza "mphepo zinayi". Tsopano mapangidwe a tattoo a moko awa akuyimira ngodya zinayi za dziko lapansi kapena mphepo zinayi zomwe zatchulidwa kale. Ndipotu nkhani ya m’mapangidwewo ikugwirizana ndi mphepo zinayi, zomwe zikuimira mizimu inayi imene imakumana pamalo amodzi. Ambiri amanena kuti mapangidwe a mphepo zinayi akuimira anthu ochokera kumakona 4 a dziko lapansi. Popeza nkhani ya kapangidwe kameneka imayang'ana milungu iwiri yamphamvu ya Maori, Tavirimatea ndi Tangaroa, tattoo imawonetsanso kulemekeza mulunguyo kuti akule ndikupambana m'moyo.

Picoua

Picorua amatanthauza "kukula" m'chinenero cha Chimaori, komanso amatanthauza "kugwirizana kwa zinthu ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri" (mwachitsanzo, pamtunda ndi nyanja, popeza zimagwirizana mu nthano yotchuka ya Maori). Uku ndiko kutanthauzira kofala kwa tanthauzo la mawu, makamaka chifukwa cha chiyambi cha mawu (komanso chiyambi cha zojambulajambula).

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha munthu mu chikhalidwe cha Maori imagwirizanitsidwa ndi Ranginui ndi Papatuanaku, omwe amakhulupirira kuti akhala pamodzi kuyambira kalekale. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Rangi ndi Papa, amatchulidwa m'nthano ya kulengedwa kwa mgwirizano ndi magawano, komwe Rangi anali bambo wakumwamba ndipo Papatuanuku anali mayi wa dziko lapansi.

Chizindikirocho chimasonyeza njira ya moyo ndi momwe "mitsinje yonse imatsogolera kunyanja", yomwe ndi fanizo la momwe tonsefe, m'masiku athu ano, timabwerera kwa Amayi Padziko Lapansi.

Kunyumba

Timatanga amatanthauza "chiyambi, chiyambi, chiyambi ndi chiyambi" mu Chingerezi. Tattoo ya Te Timatanga ndi nkhani yokhudza kulengedwa kwa dziko komanso momwe anthu adawonekera. Nthano ya kulengedwa kwa Mauri ikutsatira nkhani yomwe tatchulayi ya Ranginui ndi Papatuanaku, kapena Rangi ndi Papa. Tsopano Rangi ndi Atate anali ndi ana ambiri.

Pamene ankakula, ankayesetsa kuti akhale odziimira paokha komanso kuti akhale ndi ufulu wambiri. Tumatauenga, makamaka, anaganiza zopatukana ndi makolo ake kuti akhale ndi ufulu wochuluka, ndipo abale onse anayesa kutsatira chosankha chimenechi, kupatulapo Ruamoko, yemwe panthaŵiyo anali adakali mwana wamng’ono. Patapita nthawi, abale anayamba kulangana chifukwa chotsatira mfundo imeneyi kapena kuitsutsa. Ena analanga abale ndi mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo ena ndi zivomezi.

Ponseponse, tattoo imayimira zomwe makolo onse amakumana nazo; kusamalira ana mpaka ataganiza zoyamba moyo wawo ndi kulekanitsa njira zawo ndi za makolo awo.

Zizindikiro Zodziwika za Moco Tattoo

Ma tattoo a Chimaori si mizere mwachisawawa komanso mawonekedwe, monga momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. Mzere uliwonse wa mzere umayimira zizindikiro zina ndipo umapereka chidziwitso china. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za tattoo za moko ndi zomwe zimayimira;

• Maphukusi - chitsanzo ichi chikuyimira kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimafanana ndi zojambula za amuna.
• Unaunahi - chitsanzo ichi chikuyimira mamba a nsomba, ndipo popeza anthu a ku Maori amadziwika kuti ndi asodzi, ndipo mwapadera, mapangidwe a tattoo amaimira thanzi ndi kuchuluka.
• Hikuaua - Chitsanzochi chimachokera ku dera la Taranaki ku New Zealand ndipo likuyimira chitukuko ndi chuma.
• Manaya - chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa Manaya kapena mthandizi wauzimu. Chizindikirocho ndi kuphatikiza kwa thupi la munthu, mchira wa nsomba ndi mbalame kutsogolo. Mtetezi ndi mtetezi wa kumwamba, dziko lapansi ndi nyanja.
• Ahu Ahu Mataroa - kukumbukira makwerero, chizindikiro ichi chikuyimira kupambana, kugonjetsa zopinga ndi zovuta zatsopano m'moyo.
• hey matu - Amatchedwanso chizindikiro cha mbedza, Hei Matau ndi chizindikiro cha chitukuko; Izi zili choncho chifukwa nsomba ndi chakudya cha anthu amtundu wa Maori.
• Single torsion schemes - amaimira moyo ndi muyaya; zofanana ndi chizindikiro cha Kumadzulo cha infinity.
• Kutembenuza kawiri kapena katatu - amaimira mgwirizano wa anthu awiri kapena zikhalidwe ziwiri kwamuyaya. Ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za mgwirizano wa Maori; kudzera muzokwera ndi zotsika za moyo, timathandizana wina ndi mzake ndipo uwu ndi uthenga wabwino.
• Makungwa - chizindikiro chozungulira ichi chimatanthauza kukula, mgwirizano ndi chiyambi chatsopano. Zimatengedwa kuchokera ku chizindikiro cha tsamba la fern (New Zealand imadziwika kuti ili ndi ma ferns okongola kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tattoo iyi ikhale yopindulitsa komanso yachikhalidwe).

Kuvala tattoo ya moco

Ndizosatheka kuyankhula za ma tattoo a Maori osakhudza nkhani za anthu omwe si Amaori ovala moko. Kutengera chikhalidwe ndikofunika kwambiri pankhani imeneyi. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ma tattoo a Chimaori ndi okongola modabwitsa chifukwa chake ma tattoo a anthu omwe si Achimaori nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa. Anthu akumadzulo makamaka amakonda kuvala ma tattoo a mtundu wa Maori, ndipo nthawi zambiri sadziwa n’komwe zomwe amavala, tanthauzo la tattooyo, komanso kuti ili ndi chikhalidwe.

Nanga n’cifukwa ciani ili vuto?

Kupitilira zodziwikiratu, monga kutengera chikhalidwe, kuvala tattoo ya Chimaori ngati si Maori kukuwonetsa kuti wina akuchepetsa zovuta za mbiri yakale komanso zophiphiritsa za moko kukhala mzere wosavuta womwe ulibe kanthu ndi inu. Kumbukirani tidanena kuti ma tattoo a moko ndi njira yodziwira komanso kuzindikira chikhalidwe cha Mauri?

Izi zikutanthauzanso kuti ma tatoo a moko samangokongoletsa thupi. Amasonyeza kuti woimira anthu a mtundu wa Maori ndi ndani, mbiri yake yakale, udindo wake ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale ma tattoo ena a Chimaori ali padziko lonse lapansi, ambiri mwa iwo ndi apadera komanso apadera kwa mabanja ena. Iwo ali ngati katundu waumwini amene amaperekedwa ku mibadwomibadwo.

Ndipo tsopano mukhoza kudzifunsa nokha; kodi munthu wosakhala wamaori angatenge tattoo ya moko?

Poyamba, Amaori amakonda kugawana chikhalidwe chawo. Anthu ambiri a ku Maori alibe nazo ntchito pamene anthu omwe si Achimaori alemba ma tatoo a moko. Komabe, zojambulazi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi wojambula wa tattoo wa ku Maori (yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wonse akuphunzira luso limeneli).

Ojambula awa okha ndi omwe ali ndi ufulu wopanga ma tattoo a Chimaori ndikumvetsetsa zophiphiritsa zonse za Maori molondola. Kupanda kutero, akatswiri osaphunzitsidwa ma tattoo omwe si Achimaori amalakwitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe omwe ali apadera kwa mabanja ndi mafuko ena amtundu wa Maori (zomwe zili ngati kuba zidziwitso zawo ndi katundu wawo).

Koma bwanji ngati ndikufunadi kukhala ndi tattoo ya Maori? Chabwino, anthu a Maori ali ndi yankho labwino kwambiri!

Kirituhi ndi tattoo yamtundu wa Maori yomwe imapangidwa ndi wojambula yemwe si wachi Maori kapena kuvala ndi munthu yemwe si Mmaori. "Kiri" mu Chimaori amatanthauza "chikopa" ndipo "tuhi" amatanthauza "kujambula, kulemba, kukongoletsa kapena kukongoletsa ndi utoto". Kirituhi ndi njira yoti anthu amtundu wa Maori azigawana chikhalidwe chawo ndi omwe akufuna kuphunzira, kuyamikira ndi kuchilemekeza.

Zojambula za Kirituha ndizosiyana ndi zolemba zakale za moko. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kukhulupirika kwa ma tattoo a Chimaori sikunapangidwe kwa anthu omwe si Achimaori ndipo kukhulupirika kwa moko kuyenera kutsatiridwa, kuzindikiridwa ndi kulemekezedwa.

Chifukwa chake, ngati simuli a Maori ndipo mukufuna kukhala ndi tattoo ya Maori, Kirituhi ndi yanu. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi tattoo ngati iyi, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana ojambula a tattoo a Kirituha. Muyenera kuyang'ana wojambula tattoo yemwe waphunzitsidwa bwino za moko ndipo amadziwa bwino kusiyana pakati pa zojambula za moko ndi kirituhi. Ena ojambula ma tattoo amati akuchita Kirituhi pomwe kwenikweni akungotengera zojambula za moko ndikutengera chikhalidwe cha wina.

Malingaliro omaliza

Anthu a mtundu wa Maori amavutika tsiku lililonse kuti asunge miyambo ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Mbiri ndi kufunikira kwa chikhalidwe cha moko kumawulula mchitidwe womwe wakhalapo zaka mazana ambiri choncho aliyense ayenera kuulemekeza chifukwa umapereka chidziwitso cha mbiri ya anthu. Inde, m'dziko lamakono pali malo a moko, koma kachiwiri chifukwa cha kuwolowa manja kwa anthu a Maori.

Chifukwa cha ma tattoo a kirituhi, anthu omwe si Achimaori amatha kusangalala ndi kukongola kwa ma tattoo amtundu wa Maori popanda kutengera chikhalidwe chawo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu yapereka chidziwitso mwatsatanetsatane za chiyambi cha chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya ma tattoo a Maori. Kuti mumve zambiri, pitani patsamba lovomerezeka la Maori, makamaka ngati mukuganiza za tattoo ya Kirituha.