Kujambula kwa Baroque - muyenera kudziwa chiyani?

«zojambula za baroque"Zidawonekera m'zaka za zana la XNUMX ndipo zidachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa ndale ndi chikhalidwe komwe kunachitika ku Europe. Dzina la kalembedwe kameneka limachokera ku liwu lachipwitikizi lakuti barroco, kutanthauza ngale yosaoneka bwino.

Makhalidwe a kalembedwe kameneka anali: kudzimva kukongola (chuma chakuthupi), komanso kusamutsidwa kwa maganizo. Ojambula a Baroque anayesa kukopa chidwi cha omvera, kukopa malingaliro.

Kodi mbiri yakale ya njira imeneyi inali yotani?

Tchalitchi cha Katolika chinayamba kuonekera ngati mmene Tchalitchi cha Katolika chinkachitira zinthu zachipulotesitanti zomwe zinasintha m’zaka za m’ma 1545. Vatican inadzudzula kusinthako ndi kukwera kwa Chipulotesitanti. Tchalitchi cha Katolika pa Council of Trent (63/XNUMX) chinaganiza kuti zojambula ziyenera kugwirizana mwachindunji ndi nkhani zachipembedzo.

Bungwe la Council of Trent linapempha akatswiri ojambula zithunzi kuti apangitse zithunzi ndi ziboliboli zawo kukhala zothandiza kwa anthu osaphunzira.

Tchalitchichi chinkafuna kuti akatswiri ojambula zithunzi apange zojambula zenizeni, zamaganizo, zochititsa chidwi, zolimbikitsa chikhulupiriro, komanso zikufika ndi kulimbikitsa anthu osaphunzira. Zojambula za Baroque zinakhala chida champhamvu chofalitsa uthenga kwa tchalitchi ndi olamulira, omwe ankapereka ziphunzitso zachipembedzo kwa okhulupirira.

Kujambula kwa Baroque kunayamba kuganizira za oyera mtima, Namwali Mariya ndi nkhani zina zodziwika bwino za m'Baibulo. Mtundu wa Baroque unayambira ku Italy (makamaka ku Venice), kenako unafalikira ku France, Germany, England ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.

Kukula kwachuma ku Netherlands m'zaka za zana la XNUMX kudapangitsa kuti pakhale penti. Ambiri mwa ojambula achi Dutch adajambula zithunzi zamtundu, akadali moyo, zithunzi ndi zojambula zakale. Imeneyi inali nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri yopenta zojambulajambula za Chidatchi, ndipo ojambula Achipulotesitanti ankagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka Baroque.

malingaliro zojambula zokongola za retro pabalaza.

Mawonekedwe a utoto wa baroque.

Kujambula kwa Baroque kunapangidwira kudzutsa malingaliro ndi chilakolako m'malo mwa kulingalira mofatsa kwa Renaissance. Munthawi ya Renaissance, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe a thupi komanso mawonekedwe enieni a anthu anali ofunika kwambiri pakujambula.

Zojambula za Baroque, zazikuluzikulu zimadziwika ndi sewero lalikulu, mitundu yolemera komanso mithunzi yowala kwambiri.

Momwemonso ali olemera ndi chuma Louis style furniturendiye Baroque.

Ojambula a Baroque anali okhudzidwa ndi kuwala ndi mthunzi. Chisamaliro chochuluka chinaperekedwa kumbuyo, kunakhala kofunika kulamulira kuwala kwakukulu ndi mthunzi. Ojambula a Baroque amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolemera, kuwala ndi mdima kuti apange malingaliro ndi zochitika.

Amawonetsa imfa, kupita kwa nthawi, chisangalalo, masomphenya ndi kutembenuka kwachipembedzo. Izi zikuwonekera makamaka mu ntchito za ojambula otchuka monga Caravaggio ndi Rembrandt.

Sewero lomwe likuwonetsedwa muzojambula zawo likuwoneka ngati kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuwala ndi mthunzi woyandikira.

Ojambula otchuka a Baroque:

1. Michelangelo Merisi Caravaggio, wojambula wa ku Italy yemwe ankagwira ntchito ku Rome, Naples, Malta ndi Sicily mu 1592-1610. Ntchito zake zodziwika bwino: "Bacchus", "Mgonero ku Emmaus" (Caravaggio), "London", "Kuyitana kwa St. Mateyu", "Medusa".

2. Rembrandt anali wojambula wachi Dutch yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri ojambula kwambiri a ku Europe ndi Dutch komanso ojambula zithunzi. Ntchito zake zodziwika bwino ndi: "Night Watch", "Artemisia", "David ndi Uriya", "Self-portrait", "Storm in the Sea of ​​Galileya".

3. Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez anali wojambula wa ku Spain yemwe ankaonedwa kuti ndi wojambula wamkulu m'bwalo la Mfumu Philip IV komanso mmodzi mwa ojambula ofunika kwambiri a ku Spain Golden Age. Iye ankakonda kwambiri zithunzi, mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe. Anajambula zithunzi zambiri za banja lachifumu la Spain ndi anthu ena otchuka a ku Ulaya. Ntchito zake zodziwika bwino: "Las Meninas", "Portrait of Mother Jerónim de la Fuente", "Portrait of Man", "Portrait of Juan de Pareja", "Infanta Margherita Teresa mu Dress Pinki".

4. Peter Paul Rubens anali wojambula wa Flemish Baroque. M'zojambula zake, adatsindika za kayendetsedwe kake, mtundu ndi chiwerewere. Ankadziwika ndi zida zotsutsana ndi kusintha kwa maguwa, zithunzi, malo, ndi zojambula zakale pamitu yanthano ndi mafanizo. Rubens anali wasayansi wophunzira kwambiri, waumunthu komanso kazembe. Analemekezedwa ndi Philip IV, Mfumu ya Spain, ndi Charles I, Mfumu ya England. Ntchito zake zazikulu zaluso ndi izi: Kukwezedwa kwa Mtanda, Kugwiriridwa kwa Atsikana a Leucippe, Kutengeka kwa Namwali Wodala Maria, Alethea Talbot ndi Mwamuna wake.

Mafelemu a Baroque

Mafelemu a zithunzi m'nthawi ya Baroque anali ntchito zaluso zenizeni, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimajambulidwa ndi osema kwambiri a nthawiyo. Kukongoletsedwa kolemera kwa mafelemu a zithunzi za Ludwik kunatchuka kwambiri pakati pa makhoti a ku Ulaya ndi matchalitchi ku Ulaya.

Mafelemu a Baroque anali ndi zokometsera zokometsera kuti awonjezere kuwala kwa zojambula zojambulidwa. Mafelemu amakongoletsedwa bwino ndi zinthu zambiri zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera. Nthawi zambiri, zojambula zokongoletsa mafelemu a baroque zidapangidwa mojambula.

Chojambula choterechi chinagogomezera bwino kwambiri zojambulajambula za Baroque. Kukongoletsa kolemera kunagogomezeranso momwe zinthu ziliri za mwiniwakeyo ndipo zimagwirizana ndi kukongoletsa kolemera kwa mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo.

Kodi ndingaytanitse kuti mafelemu amtundu wa baroque?

Kusankhidwa kwakukulu kwazithunzi za baroque, zopangidwa molingana ndi luso lakale, zokongoletsedwa ndi zitsulo zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zolemera, zokhala ndi mbiri ya m'lifupi mwake, zikhoza kuwonedwa ndikuyitanitsa kukula kwake. oprawanorland.pl Ndi fakitale yodziwika bwino ya zida zankhondo komwe otolera, nyumba zogulitsira ndi kasitomala aliyense amayitanitsa mafelemu.