Kumanani ndi diamondi zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka padziko lapansi

daimondi zimabweretsa chidwi ndi malingaliro ambiri, zikuwoneka ngati zamatsenga, zachinsinsi - ndipo zimangokhala ngati kaboni mu mawonekedwe a crystalline. Izi mwala wamtengo wapatali kwambirichifukwa nthawi zambiri zimangowonekera pakuya kopitilira mamita zana ndi makumi asanu kuchokera padziko lapansi. Daimondi imapangidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika. Izi ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri padziko lapansiChifukwa cha izi, kuwonjezera pa zodzikongoletsera, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'makampani.

Mbiri Yachidule ya Diamondi

Ikapukutidwa, diamondi imakhala yonyezimira, yowoneka bwino, yoyera komanso yangwiro, chifukwa chake imakhala mwala wofunika kwambiri komanso wamtengo wapatali muzodzikongoletsera. Kwa nthawi yaitali chinthu ichi chinali chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Zimagwirizana ndi mayiko monga India, Egypt, kenako Greece, kumene miyalayi inabweretsedwa ndi Alexander Wamkulu - ndipo ndithudi Africa. Lodewijk van Berken anali woyamba kuyambitsa njira yopukutira diamondi. M’masiku akale anthu ankakhulupirira zimenezo mwala wamtengo wapatali uli ndi mphamvu zazikulu zachinsinsi. Ankakhulupirira kuti amateteza matenda ndi ziwanda. Komabe, mu mawonekedwe a ufa, madokotala ankagwiritsa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana.

diamondi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - Cullinan

Daimondi yayikulu kwambiri imatchedwa Cullinan. kapena Big Star of Africa. Anapezeka ndi mlonda wanga Frederick Wells. Zinachitika ku Pretoria, South Africa. Chidutswacho mu mtundu woyamba chimalemera 3106 carats (621,2 magalamu!), Ndipo kukula kwake. 10x6x5 cm.

Mwachiwonekere, pachiyambi pomwe chinali chokulirapo, chinagawanika - ndi ndani kapena chiyani, sichidziwika. Komabe, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi mwalawo sunakhalebe ukulu wotere. Boma la Transvaal linagula mwala wamtengo wapatali wa £150. Mu 000, idaperekedwa kwa King Edward VII pamwambo wake wazaka 1907. Mfumu Edward inalamula kampani ya Dutch kuti igawanitse mwala mu zidutswa 66 - 105 zazing'ono ndi zazikulu 96, zomwe zinakonzedwa. Iwo anaperekedwa ku Treasury ya London, ndiyeno, kuyambira 6, iwo anakongoletsedwa ndi chizindikiro cha boma mu mawonekedwe a diamondi.

Mgodi waukulu - diamondi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya Cullinan idapezeka pano

Cullinan adapezeka ku Premier Mine (kuyambira 2003 adatchedwanso Cullinan ku South Africa), yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 25 kum'mawa kwa likulu la South Africa la Pretoria. Daimondiyo idapezeka mu 1905, pasanathe zaka 2 chiyambireni ntchito yonse ya mgodi, yomwe m'mbiri yake yakale imakhala ndi diamondi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ma carats a 100 (miyala yopitilira 300) komanso kuposa 25% ya onse. diamondi zakuda. kupitirira 400 carat zomwe zafukulidwapo.

Ma diamondi odziwika bwino omwe amakumbidwa ku Premier Mine akuphatikizapo:

1) Taylor-Burton (240,80 carats); 2) Premier Rose (353,90 carats); 3) Niarchos (426,50 carats); 4) Zaka zana (599,10 carats); 5) Chaka Choliza chagolide (755,50, makarati 6); 27,64) Mtima Wamuyaya (11 carats), buluu wakuya ndi diamondi zina XNUMX zabuluu zomwe zimapanga De Beers Millennium Collection De Beers yotchuka.

wanga woyamba kwa zaka zana ladutsa m’chipwirikiti. Inatsekedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba m’zaka ziŵiri pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse mu 1914. Mgodi, womwe umadziwika kuti "Great Depression" kapena "Great Hole", unatsekedwanso mu 1932. Iye anali wotsegula. ndipo anatseka (sanagwirenso ntchito pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse) inayamba kutaya kufunikira kwake mpaka 1977, pamene idatengedwa ndi De Beers. Pambuyo pa kugwidwa, chisankho chowopsa chinapangidwa kuti athyole pamtunda wa mamita 70 a miyala yamapiri, kutsekereza mwayi wopita ku miyala ya kimberlite yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita 550 mu chimney cha kimberlite, ndondomekoyi inakhudzanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyala ya kimberlite, kapena m'malo mwake, dziko la buluu - dziko la buluu, lomwe kwenikweni liri ndi diamondi yokhala ndi breccia, ngati gawo la diamondi litapezeka, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kungakhale kopindulitsa pachuma. Ngoziyo inatha ndipo mgodi unayamba kulipira. Mu 2004, mgodi wa Cullinan unapanga ma carats 1,3 miliyoni a diamondi. Pakali pano, gawoli likugwiritsidwa ntchito mozama mamita 763, pamene kafukufuku wa geological ndi ntchito yokonzekera ikuchitika kuti amitse shaft mpaka kuya kwa mamita 1100. Izi zidzalola diamondi kukumbidwa pa mgodi wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuonjezera kwa zaka zina 20-25.

Mbiri ndi tsogolo la diamondi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi

Pa Januware 26, 1905, manejala wa Prime Minister, Captain Frederick Wells, adapeza kristalo wamkulu wa diamondi m'mphepete mwa miyalayo. Nkhani zopezeka nthawi yomweyo zidakhudza atolankhani, zomwe zidayerekeza mtengo wa diamondi pafupifupi US $ 4-100 miliyoni, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa gawo la Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Ltd ndi 80%. The anapeza Cullinan crystal polemekeza Sir Thomas Major Cullinan, mkulu wa kampani ndi wofufuza wa migodi.

TM Cullinan adawonekera ku 1887 ku Johannesburg (South Africa) ngati m'modzi mwa ambiri omwe adatenga nawo gawo pa "golide wothamangira", omwe adabweretsa zikwizikwi za ochita migodi ndi okonda golide ku South Africa. Cullinan wochititsa chidwi anayamba ntchito yake monga wamalonda pomanga misasa ya alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi, ndiye midzi ndi midzi yonse, yomwe adapeza ndalama zambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, iye ndi gulu la anzake adayambitsa Driekopjes Diamond Meeting Co., yomwe inatulukira ma diamondi angapo, ndipo ntchito zake zinasokonezedwa mu November 1899 ndi kuphulika kwa nkhondo pakati pa a Boers (Afirikani, mbadwa za atsamunda achi Dutch. amene anakhazikika m’zaka za zana la 1902 ku South Africa) ndi a British (otchedwa Second Boer War). Nkhondo itatha, Cullinan, popitiriza ntchito yake yofufuza, anapeza malo osungiramo diamondi pafupi ndi likulu la South Africa la Pretoria ku Transvaal, chigawo chomwe chinkalamulidwa ndi Dutch. Madipoziti a diamondi anadyetsedwa ndi madzi a mitsinje yambiri, yomwe magwero ake anali pa famu ya Elandsfontein, ya W. Prinsloo. Kwa zaka zambiri, Prinsloo wakhala akukana zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa kuti agulitsenso famuyo. Komabe, kutha kwa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Boer mu May XNUMX ndi kusamutsidwa kwa Traswall ku ulamuliro wa Britain kunatanthawuza kuti famuyo inawonongedwa ndi asilikali opambana a Chingerezi, inagwera m'mavuto azachuma, ndipo posakhalitsa, mwiniwakeyo anamwalira muumphawi.   

Cullinan anapatsa olowa nyumba a Prinsloo £150 kuti akhale ndi ufulu wobwereketsa famuyo (yolipidwa pang'onopang'ono) kapena ndalama zokwana $000 kuti agulitsenso famuyo. Potsirizira pake, pa November 45, 000, Cullinan anagula famuyo pamtengo wa £7 ndipo anatcha kampani yake Driekopjes Diamond Mining Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Co. Pakati pa omwe adayambitsa ndi omwe adagawana nawo kampaniyi anali Bernard Oppenheimer, mchimwene wake wamkulu wa Ernest Oppenheimer, yemwe pambuyo pake adatsogolera De Beers Consolidated Mines.

M'miyezi iwiri idakumbidwa. 187 carats a diamondi zomwe zinatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa chimney choyenera cha kimberlite. Mu June 1903, olamulira a Transvaal anaika msonkho wa 60 peresenti pa phindu la kampaniyo, yomwe pofika kumapeto kwa chaka inali itapanga makarati 749 a diamondi ofunika £ 653.

Kutulukira kwa Cullinan mu 1905 kunachititsa chidwi kwambiri.zomwe zidakhala maziko a mawerengedwe ambiri komanso osangalatsa, zongoganiza ndi nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, poyankhulana, Dr. Molengraaff, tcheyamani wa South African Mining Commission, adanena kuti "Cullinan ndi imodzi mwa zidutswa zinayi za kristalo zomwe zinapezeka, ndipo zidutswa za 3 zotsalira za kukula kwake zinakhalabe pamtunda." Komabe, chidziwitsochi sichinatsimikizidwe.

Mu Epulo 1905, Cullinan adatumizidwa ku London Prime Minister's (Transvaal) Diamond Meeting Co., S. Neuman & Co., komwe adakhalako zaka ziwiri, chifukwa ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe idatengera Komiti Yamalamulo ya Transwald kusankha kugula diamondi. . Pa nthawiyo, atsogoleri a Chiafrikana, Generals L. Botha ndi J. Smuts, anali kukambirana ndi akuluakulu a boma la Britain pofuna kukakamiza bungweli ndi chilolezo chake kugulitsa mwala. Pomaliza, kulowererapo kwa Mlembi Wachiwiri kwa Makoloni, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala Prime Minister waku United Kingdom. Great Britain W. Churchill, monga chotulukapo cha chivomerezo cha komiti mu August 2, kugulitsa Cullinan kwa 1907 150. Mapaundi. Mfumu ya ku Britain Mfumu Edward II, kupyolera mwa Mlembi wa Boma la Lord Elgin kwa Makoloni, adanena kuti akufuna kuvomereza diamondiyo ngati mphatso ngati "umboni wa kukhulupirika ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu a Transvaal ku mpando wachifumu ndi mfumu."

Kukangana pa kulemera kwa diamondi yaikulu kwambiri

Ngakhale Cullinan ndi imodzi mwa diamondi zodziwika kwambiri m'mbiri.Ngakhale kuti katundu wake ndi magwero ake zalembedwa bwino, pakhala mkangano wochuluka wokhudza kuchuluka kwake. Iwo adawuka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kukhazikika kwa gawo la misa mu carats. "English carat", yofanana ndi kulemera kwa 0,2053 g, ndi "Dutch carat" ya 0,2057 g inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi "metric carat" ya 0,2000 g.

Cullinan adayezedwa kulemera kwake kutangopezeka muofesi ya a comrades a Prime Minister. 3024,75 ma carats achingerezikenako anayeza mu ofesi ya London ya kampaniyo anali ndi unyinji wa 3025,75 English carats. Kusiyana kwa carat imodzi pankhaniyi kudayamba chifukwa chosowa malamulo ovomerezeka komanso ovomerezeka a miyeso ndi masikelo. Cullinan adayesedwa atangotsala pang'ono kupatukana ku J. Asscher & Co. ku Amsterdam mu 1908 idalemera 3019,75 Dutch carats kapena 3013,87 English carats (2930,35 metric carats).

Kudula kwa diamondi Cullinan

Kupezeka kwa Cullinan ku South Africa mu 1905 kunagwirizana ndi zoyesayesa za General L. Boti ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la South Africa J. Smuts kuti apange Union of South Africa. Iwo adatha kukopa boma la Transvaal kuti lipereke Cullinan kwa King Edward VII waku England (r. 1901-1910) ngati mphatso yakubadwa pa 9 November 1907. Mphatso imeneyi ndiye inali yamtengo wapatali $150. Mapaundi sterling amayembekeza kuti diamondi, pamtengo wake, iyimira "Africa yayikulu" yomwe ikufuna kukhala gawo lalikulu la korona waku Britain.

J. Asher & Co. Pa February 6, 1908, adayamba kuyang'ana diamondi, yomwe idawulula kukhalapo kwa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimawoneka ndi maso. Pambuyo pa masiku anayi akufufuza kuti adziwe komwe akugawanika, njira yogawanitsa inayamba. Mpeniwo unathyoka pa kuyesa koyamba, ndipo diamondiyo inathyoledwa pakati pa kuyesa kwina. Mmodzi wa iwo ankalemera 1977,50 1040,50 ndi 2029,90 1068,89 Dutch carats (14 1908 ndi 2 1908 metric carats motero). Pa February 29, 20, diamondi yaikuluyo inagawidwanso magawo awiri. Kugaya Cullinan I kunayamba pa March 7, 12, ndipo kupera kwa Cullinan II kunayamba pa May 1908 chaka chomwecho. Njira yonse yopangira diamondi idayendetsedwa ndi wodula yemwe ali ndi zaka 1908 zantchito H. Koe. Ntchito pa Cullinan I idatenga miyezi yopitilira 14 ndipo idamalizidwa pa Seputembara XNUMX, XNUMX, pomwe Cullinan II ndi diamondi zina "zazikulu zisanu ndi zinayi" zidapukutidwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala, XNUMX. Opera atatu ankagwira ntchito kwa maola XNUMX aliyense, akupera miyala. tsiku ndi tsiku.

Cullinan I ndi II adaperekedwa kwa King Edward VII ku Windsor Palace pa 21 Okutobala 1908. Mfumuyo inaphatikizapo miyala ya dayamondi m’zovala zachifumu, ndipo mfumuyo inatcha wamkulu kwambiri mwa izo kuti Nyenyezi Yaikulu ya ku Africa. Miyala yotsalayo inali mphatso yochokera kwa mfumu kupita ku banja lachifumu: Cullinan VI inali mphatso kwa mkazi wake, Mfumukazi Alexandra, ndipo diamondi yotsalayo inali mphatso kwa mphwake wa Mfumukazi Mary pamwambo wovekedwa ufumu kwa mwamuna wake George V monga Mfumu ya dziko. England.

Cullinan yaiwisi yonse idaphwanyidwa Miyala ikuluikulu 9 yolemera pafupifupi 1055,89 carats., owerengedwa kuyambira 96 mpaka IX, omwe amadziwika kuti "akuluakulu asanu ndi anayi", pali ma diamondi ang'onoang'ono 7,55 okhala ndi kulemera kwa 9,50 carats ndi 96 carats a zidutswa zosadulidwa. Monga mphotho ya kupukuta J. Asher, analandira ma diamondi ang’onoang’ono XNUMX. Pamitengo yamakono ya diamondi yodulidwa, Usher analandira ndalama zopusa za madola zikwi zingapo za US pa ntchito zake. Anagulitsa diamondi zonse kwa makasitomala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Prime Minister waku South Africa Louis Botha ndi Arthur ndi Alexander Levy, ogulitsa diamondi otchuka ku London.

Makhalidwe a Gemological a Cullian

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, miyala yamtengo wapatali ya Crown kuchokera ku Garrard & Co. nthawi zonse amayeretsa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, amakonza miyala yamtengo wapatali ya British Crown yomwe inasungidwa mu Tower of London m’mwezi wa February. Mu 1986-89, kuwonjezera pa kusunga miyala yamtengo wapatali, kufufuza kwawo kunachitikanso motsogoleredwa ndi A. Jobbins, mkulu wa nthawi yaitali wa Gem Testing Laboratory ya Great Britain - GTLGB (tsopano GTLGA - Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain). Great Britain). -KOMA). Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinasindikizidwa mu 1998 m’buku la mavoliyumu awiri lotchedwa The Crown Jewels: A History of the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London Jewel House, lofalitsidwa m’makope 650 okha pamtengo wa £1000.

Cullinan I - makhalidwe

Daimondi imapangidwa ndi hag wagolide wachikasu, wovekedwa chisoti chachifumu ndi ndodo yachifumu yochirikiza chisoti chachifumu chokhala ndi mtanda. Ndodoyo idapangidwa mu 1660-61 koma yasinthidwa kangapo, makamaka mu 1910 pomwe idapangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya Garrard & Co. Cullinan I.

• misa - 530,20 carats.
• Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a odulidwa - wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino wowoneka ngati dontho wokhala ndi mbali 75 (41 mu korona, 34 mu pavilion), wowoneka bwino.
• kukula kwake - 58,90 x 45,40 x 27,70 mm.
• utoto - D (malinga ndi sikelo ya GIA), Mtsinje + (malinga ndi sikelo ya Old Terms).
• ukhondo - osafotokozedwa momveka bwino, koma mwalawu ukuphatikizidwa mu gulu la Air Force.
• Lili ndi zotsatirazi zizindikiro zobadwa mkati ndi kunja (mkuyu 1):

1) tinthu tating'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono 2 ta chip: chimodzi pa korona pafupi ndi sulfure ndi ziwiri pabwalo pa bevel yayikulu ya pavilion pafupi ndi kola; 3) bevel yowonjezera pa mbali ya Rondist ya korona; XNUMX) kadera kakang'ono ka granularity wamkati wopanda mtundu pafupi ndi rondist.

• Daimondi yodulidwa, yomwe, komabe, chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri za mbiri yakale ndi zamaganizo sizingapangidwe (mtengo wapadera wa mbiriyakale, ngale ya korona, chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya Ufumu wa Britain, ndi zina zotero), ikanakhala ndi kulemera kochepa, koma akadawerengedwa pakati kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri ya FL (Yopanda Cholakwika).
• kuchuluka ndi kudulidwa khalidwe - sizikufotokozedwa momveka bwino.
• kuwala - wofooka, wobiriwira wotuwa kwa ma radiation afupiafupi a ultraviolet.
• phosphorescence - ofooka, obiriwira okhala ndi nthawi yayitali pafupifupi mphindi 18.
• mayamwidwe sipekitiramu - mmene kwa mtundu II diamondi, ndi wathunthu mayamwidwe macheza m'munsimu 236 nm (mkuyu. 2).
• mawonekedwe a infrared - zofananira ndi diamondi zoyera popanda zonyansa, zamtundu wa IIa (mkuyu 3).
• tanthauzo - ZAmtengo wapatali.

Cullinan II - makhalidwe

Daimondi imapangidwa ndi hag mu golide wachikasu, womwe uli pakati pa korona wa Britain. Korona idapangidwa mu 1838 ndipo Cullinan II idapangidwa momwemo mu 1909. Mawonekedwe amakono a korona adachokera ku 1937, pomwe pakuvekedwa kwa George VI adamangidwanso ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya Garrard & Co., kenako kusinthidwa. mu 1953 ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeth II (kutalika kwake kunachepetsedwa kwambiri).

• misa - 317,40 carats.
• mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a incision - yokongola, diamondi yakale, yotchedwa "antique" (eng. Khushion) yokhala ndi mbali 66 (33 iliyonse mu korona ndi pavilion), wowoneka bwino.
• kukula kwake - 45,40 x 40,80 x 24,20 mm.
• utoto - D (malinga ndi sikelo ya GIA), Mtsinje + (malinga ndi sikelo ya Old Terms).
• ukhondo - monga momwe zinalili ndi Cullinan I, panalibe tanthauzo lomveka bwino, koma mwalawo ndi wa gulu la Air Force. Ili ndi zotsatirazi zamkati ndi zakunja (mkuyu 4):

1) zizindikiro ziwiri zazing'ono za chip kumbali yakutsogolo ya galasi; 2) kuwala kwa galasi pa galasi; 3) bevel yaying'ono yowonjezera pa chamfer pafupi ndi sulfure kuchokera kumbali ya pavilion; 4) zowonongeka zing'onozing'ono ziwiri (maenje), ogwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zazing'ono za chip m'mphepete mwa mbali ya kutsogolo kwa galasi ndi korona wamkulu; 5) kadontho kakang'ono kumbali ya rondist ya korona pafupi ndi rondist, yolumikizidwa ndi chilengedwe.

• Mwala wa diamondi wopukutidwa monga Cullinan Ine ndikhoza kuikidwa ngati kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri ya FL (Yopanda Cholakwika).
• kuchuluka ndi kudulidwa khalidwe - sizikufotokozedwa momveka bwino.
• kuwala - wofooka, wobiriwira wotuwa kwa ma radiation afupiafupi a ultraviolet.
• phosphorescence - ofooka, obiriwira; poyerekeza ndi Cullinan I, inali yaifupi kwambiri, masekondi ochepa chabe. Popeza ma diamondi awiri amadulidwa mu kristalo imodzi, chodabwitsa cha kuwala kwa mwala umodzi popanda phosphorescence mwa wina ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo zifukwa zake sizinafotokozedwe.
• mayamwidwe sipekitiramu - mmene kwa mtundu II diamondi, yodziwika ndi yaing'ono mayamwidwe gulu ndi munthu pazipita pa wavelength 265 nm ndi mayamwidwe wathunthu wa poizoniyu m'munsimu 236 nm (mkuyu. 2).
• mawonekedwe a infrared - monga momwe zilili ndi Cullinan I, yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi diamondi yoyera popanda zonyansa, zomwe zimatchedwa mtundu wa IIa (mkuyu 3).
• tanthauzo - ZAmtengo wapatali

Mpunga. 3 Cullinan I ndi II - mayamwidwe amtundu wa infrared (malinga ndi The Cullinan Diamond Centennial K. Scarratt & R. Shor, Gems & Gemmology, 2006)

Pa 3106 carats, Cullinan ndiye diamondi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2005, zaka za 2008 zapita kuchokera tsiku lomwe adapezeka, ndipo m'zaka 530,20 - kuyambira tsiku lomwe adapukutidwa ndi J. Asher. Cullinan I ya 546,67 carat ndi yachiwiri yodula kwambiri pambuyo pa diamondi ya bulauni ya 546,67 carat Golden Jubilee yomwe idapezeka ku Premier Mine, post-Golden Jubilee 1990 carat brown diamondi yomwe idapezeka ku Premier Mine (Cullinan) (South Africa) ndikudula XNUMX, Cullinan I akadali diamondi yayikulu kwambiri yopanda mtundu. Cullinan I ndi II ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imakopa alendo mamiliyoni ambiri ku Tower Museum ku London chaka chilichonse. Amakhala ndi malo odziwika komanso ofunikira kwambiri pakati pa Crown Jewels of Great Britain, ndipo chifukwa cha mbiri yawo yolemera, amakhalabe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha Ufumu wa Britain pachimake cha mphamvu zake.

Ma diamondi Akuluakulu asanu ndi anayi - The Cullinans

Cullinan I (Great Star of Africa) - dontho la 530,20 carat lomwe linapangidwa mu Ndodo ya Mfumu (yachifumu) yokhala ndi Mtanda, yomwe ili mgulu la Tower of London.Cullinan II (Second Star of Africa) ndi 317,40 carat rectangular antique, yopangidwa ndi Imperial State Crown, yomwe ili mgulu la Tower of London.Cullinan III - dontho lolemera 94,40 carats lopangidwa ndi korona wa Mfumukazi Mary, mkazi wa King George V; pakadali pano ali mgulu lachinsinsi la Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.Cullinan IV - nyumba yakale yolemera 63,60 carats yopangidwa ndi korona wa Mfumukazi Mary, mkazi wa King George V; pakadali pano ali mgulu lachinsinsi la Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.Cullinan V - mtima wa 18,80 carat wopangidwa ndi brooch yomwe inali ya Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.Cullinan VI - Marquise yolemera 11,50 carats, yopangidwa ndi mkanda wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.Cullinan VII - 8,80 carat awning yopangidwa ndi Cullinan VIII mu pendant yomwe inali ya Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.Cullinan VIII - Zakale zosinthidwa zolemera 6,80 carats zojambulidwa ndi Cullinan VII mu pendant yomwe inali ya Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.Cullinan IX - misozi yolemera 4,39 carats yopangidwa ndi mphete ya Mfumukazi Mary, mkazi wa King George V; pakadali pano ali mgulu lachinsinsi la Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.

Ali kuti masiku ano ndipo kodi ma cullinans, diamondi zazikulu kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Mbiri ya Cullinan imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbiri ya British Crown Jewels.. Kwa zaka mazana atatu, akorona awiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuvekedwa kwa mafumu ndi amfumu achingerezi, korona wa boma ndi otchedwa "korona wa Edward", korona wa Charles II. Korona uyu adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati korona wakuvekedwa mpaka nthawi ya George III (1760-1820). Panthawi yovekedwa ufumu kwa mwana wa Mfumukazi Victoria, Mfumu Edward VII (1902), mwambo umenewu unkafunidwa kuti ubwezeretsedwe. Komabe, pamene mfumuyo inali kuchira ku matenda aakulu, chisoti chachifumu cholemera, chimene chinatengedwa kokha pa ulendo woika mfumu, chinasiyidwa. Mwambowu unayambikanso ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mwana wa Edward, King George V, yemwe adalamulira kuyambira 1910-1936. Pamwambo wokhazikitsidwa, korona wa Edward nthawi zonse ankasinthidwa kukhala korona wa boma. Mofananamo, Mfumu George VI (anamwalira 1952) ndi mwana wake wamkazi, Mfumukazi Elizabeth II, yemwe akulamulirabe mpaka lero, anavekedwa ufumu. Popeza sankakonda akorona aakazi omwe analipo, anapempha kuti apangidwe korona watsopano woti adzamuveke ufumu. Chifukwa chake adalamula kuti achotse miyala yamtengo wapatali ku ma regalia akale ndikukongoletsa ndi korona watsopano - korona wa boma. Pamwambo wovekedwa ufumu, Victoria adangovala korona watsopano wopangidwa makamaka kwa iye. Mwala wonyezimira ndi wapamwamba umenewu unali chizindikiro chonyezimira ndi chodabwitsa cha mphamvu ya Victori.” Popeza kuti Cullinan inapezedwa ndi kupukuta, Cullinan I yaikulu kwambiri tsopano ikukongoletsa ndodo yachifumu ya ku Britain, Cullinan II wamangidwa kutsogolo kwa korona wa Ufumu wa Britain, ndipo Cullinan III ndi IV akuwonjezedwa kukongola kwa Mfumukazi Mary, mkazi wa King George V.

diamondi yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - Millennium Star

Diamondi Wodabwitsa Wachiwiri anali Millennium Star. Iye anabadwa kuchokera ku nugget, yomwe kukula kwake kunafika pa 777 carats. Anapezeka ku Democratic Republic of the Congo mu 1999. Sizikudziwikabe amene anapeza chuma chimenechi. Anayesetsa kubisa mfundo yopezera chuma chimenechi, koma sizinaphule kanthu. Chifukwa cha nambala yamatsenga, ankakhulupirira kuti mwala uwu umabweretsa mwayi. Pamene malo osangalatsawa anapezeka, zikwi za daredevils anathamangira kukafunafuna diamondi ina - koma palibe wina amene anachita.

Kampani yotchuka ya De Bers idagula mwala uwu. Kenako nuggetyo idagwira ntchito yayitali komanso yowawa kwambiri - kudula ndi kupukuta diamondi. Chifukwa chake, mutakonza, mwala wodabwitsawu unagulitsidwa. 16 miliyoni ndi theka.

diamondi yachitatu padziko lonse lapansi - Regent

diamondi ina yodabwitsa imatchedwa regent kapena miliyoneya unali ukulu 410 karati. Kuwonjezera kulemera kwake chidwi, analinso wapadera chifukwa wangwiro kudula. Idapezeka mu 1700. Chifukwa cha Bwanamkubwa wa Madras, idaperekedwa ku Europe. Ku London, diamondi iyi idadulidwa ndikugulidwa ndi regent yaku France. Daimondi iyi imatengedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri podula.

Panthawi ya Revolution ya France, diamondi iyi idabedwa mwatsoka. Ilo silinabwezeretsedwe mpaka 1793. Zakhala ku Louvre kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX, pamodzi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe inali ya mafumu aku France.

Ma diamondi ena otchuka padziko lapansi

Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma diamondi ena otchuka komanso odabwitsa padziko lapansi amawoneka bwanji? Nawu mndandanda wathunthu wa zofunika kwambiri:  

Ma diamondi odziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi:

1. Mogul Wamkulu,

2. i 11. regent,

3. ndi 5. Diament Florensky,

Nyenyezi 4 ndi 12 zakumwera,

6. Zikomo,

7. Dresden Green Diamond,

8th ndi 10th Koh-i-Nur yokhala ndi zida zakale komanso zatsopano,

9. Chiyembekezo ndi diamondi ya buluu

Ma diamondi Odziwika - Chidule

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ma diamondi amatha kutembenuza mitu, malingaliro okopa ndi kulota maloto a mwanaalirenji ndi chuma. Iwo ankadziwa kukopa, kusokoneza ndi kugonjetsa munthu - ndipo izi ziri choncho mpaka lero.

Werenganinso zolemba pamutu wakuti "zodzikongoletsera zazikulu / zodziwika kwambiri" ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali padziko lapansi:

Mphete zaukwati zodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Mphete zaukwati zodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

TOP 5 zazikulu kwambiri zagolide padziko lapansi

Amber wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - zinali zotani?