Platinamu - mndandanda wazidziwitso za platinamu

pulatinamu ndi ore, chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimagonjetsa mitima ya amayi monga zodzikongoletsera za platinamu - koma osati kokha. Imapezeka muzamankhwala, uinjiniya ndi zamagetsi. Kodi platinamu ndi chiyani? Kodi platinamu imasiyana bwanji ndi golide kapena palladium? Platinum ndi mtundu wanji? Tiyankha mafunso awa ndi ena mu positi iyi.

Platinamu - chitsulo chamtengo wapatali muutumiki wa miyala yamtengo wapatali

Chifukwa cha malo osungunuka kwambiri komanso kukana kwapadera kwa mankhwala kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX komanso koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX. kupanga ma crucibles a platinamu ndi mbale zama labotale amankhwala, kugwiritsanso ntchito pazida zamakampani opanga mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, popanga matanki akuluakulu a matope popanga sulfuric acid. Poyamba, platinamu yoyera idagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi, koma idakhala yofewa kwambiri. Kungogwiritsa ntchito zonyansa zazitsulo zosiyanasiyana kumawonjezera kuuma kwake ndi mphamvu. Platinamu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito polimbana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Komabe, ntchito yotchuka kwambiri yachitsulo chamtengo wapatali ichi ndi ziri mu zodzikongoletsera, ndithudi.

Mbiri ndi orthogenesis ya platinamu

Platinum ndi chitsulo chosowa kwambiri. Amapezeka mu kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi mu kuchuluka kwa magawo 4 pa biliyoni mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe, mu aloyi yokhala ndi iridium (platinamu miride), ngati ore, komanso ngati kuphatikiza kwa faifi tambala ndi mkuwa. Platinum ili mkati USA, Canada, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Ethiopia. Pambuyo pa kupezeka kwa platinamu mu Colombia, kupezeka kwa platinamu kunali kofunika kwambiri ku Urals (1819). Posakhalitsa, platinamu ya ku Russia inadza patsogolo pa kupanga dziko lonse lapansi, yomwe idatsalira m'zaka za zana la 10, mpaka kutulukira kwa ma deposits ku South Africa (malo akuluakulu a igneous ku Bushveld Highlands, kumene platinamu ndi yokwera kwambiri ndipo imafika 30). -XNUMX g pa tani) ndi Canada (Sudbury, Ontario, kumene platinamu imakumbidwa ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi nickel-bearing pyrotite deposits). Platinamu nthawi zambiri imabwera ngati mbewu., nthawi zina zidutswa zazikulu, zomwe kulemera kwake sikudutsa 10 kg. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chitsulo (kuchokera pang'ono mpaka 20%), komanso zitsulo zina zamagulu a platinamu. platinamu - chitsulo choyera cha silvery chokhala ndi kuwala kolimba, chosavuta komanso chosinthika. Sachita ndi mpweya, madzi, hydrochloric ndi nitric zidulo. Imasungunuka mu aqua regia kupanga chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6 nH2O), imakhudzidwa ndi ma halogen, sulfure, cyanides ndi maziko amphamvu. Imayaka kwambiri mu mawonekedwe ake omwazika kwambiri.

Platinamu ngati zida zabwino kwambiri zopangira zodzikongoletsera

Musanapite ku sitolo yodzikongoletsera, ndi bwino kuphunzira momwe mungathere za zodzikongoletsera za platinamu. Zikomo pophunzira zambiri za platinamu ngati miyala, mudzakhala ndi chidaliro pakusankha kwanu, ndipo chisankhocho ndi chosangalatsa, chifukwa platinamu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira golide, siliva kapena palladium. M'sitolo iliyonse yabwino yodzikongoletsera, mudzapeza gawo la zodzikongoletsera za platinamu - mphete za platinamu, ma anklets a platinamu, ndolo ndi zina. Mukamagula platinamu, muyenera kuyang'ana kaye mitengo ya platinamu ndi chiyero cha zodzikongoletsera zanu zosankhidwa za platinamu. kumbukirani, izo chiyero cha platinamu muzodzikongoletsera chimafika 95%. 

Kuphatikiza pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zodzikongoletsera za platinamu, zodzikongoletsera zambiri zimatha kukuthandizaninso kupanga zodzikongoletsera, kotero ndikofunikira kudziwa ndikufotokozera zomwe mukuyang'ana. Mphete zaukwati za platinamu, mphete zachinkhoswe za platinamu - kumbukirani kuti mumangoganizira zomwe mumaganiza, chifukwa zodzikongoletsera za platinamu zimatha kupangidwa momasuka. Sankhani kamangidwe ka mphete ya pulatinamu yamaloto anu pankhokwe yathu yazodzikongoletsera kapena yang'anani kudzoza ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi alangizi athu mu salons osasunthika, pangani mphete yokongola kwambiri ya platinamu kapena mphete yachibwenzi. mphete ya diamondi ya platinamu.

Platinum kapena golide? Mtengo wa platinamu poyerekeza ndi golide

Platinamu - mungadziwe bwanji? Fri 950 ndikuuzeni zoona.

Kaya mphete zaukwati za platinamu, mphete ya platinamu kapena unyolo wa azibambo wa pulatinamu, chidutswa chilichonse cha platinamu, ngakhale chaching'ono chotani, chimalembedwa ndi chizindikiro "Pt 950"., Izi ndizo chizindikiro cha zowona ndipo chimayimira 95% chiyero (magawo 950 pa 1000). Kuphatikiza apo, chidutswa chilichonse cha zodzikongoletsera za platinamu chimakhala ndi nambala yapadera yozindikiritsa. Satifiketi yaubwino yomwe imabwera ndi zodzikongoletsera zogulidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, monga mphete za platinamu, ili ndi nambala yozindikiritsa, komanso kulemera ndi kumveka bwino. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwagula platinamu yoyambirira:

• Kuumirira satifiketi Chitsimikizo chaubwino pakugula kulikonse kwa zodzikongoletsera za platinamu.
• Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi tcheni cha platinamu, mphete yachinkhoswe ya platinamu, kapena magulu aukwati a platinamu. ali ndi dzina "Pt 950".
• Sankhani masitolo odalirika komanso ovomerezeka okha.

Kodi ndingavale platinamu ngati ndili ndi khungu lovutikira?

Inde, platinamu ndi yabwino kwa khungu lomvera ndi mphete za platinamu, chibangili cha platinamu, mphete za platinamu, ndolo za platinamu. chisankho changwiro kwa odwala ziwengo. Zodzikongoletsera za platinamu zokhala ndi chiyero cha 95% ndi hypoallergenic. choncho yabwino kwa tcheru khungu. 

Kawirikawiri, platinamu yamtengo wapatali imakhala yokwera kwambiri, kuchokera ku Faberge kupita ku Cartier, kupyolera mwa Tiffany ndi gulu la Lisevski - nthawi zonse opanga zodzikongoletsera zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. amakonda kugwira ntchito ndi platinamu ndikupanga, mwachitsanzo, mphete zaukwati za platinamu zapadera. Platinamu ndiyabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza okonza kupanga mapangidwe ovuta omwe sangapangidwe ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali. Kaya ndi tcheni cha platinamu cha amuna, mphete ya platinamu kapena magulu aukwati a pulatinamu, mungakhale otsimikiza kuti zomwe mumagula kuchokera kwa odziwa miyala yamtengo wapatali monga Lisiewski Group nthawi zonse zimakhala zaluso kwambiri. Ngati mphete ya platinamu kapena chibangili cha platinamu sichikwanira kwa wina, amapangidwanso ndalama za platinamu kapena mipiringidzo ya platinamu ndi ndalama zabwino kwambiri zogulira makasitomala anzeru.