Mwala wamtengo wapatali wa safiro - mndandanda wazidziwitso za safiro

Safira ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali umene kuya kwake ndi ukulu wake zachititsa chidwi anthu ndiponso zachititsa chidwi kwa zaka zambiri. Zodzikongoletsera zokhala ndi safiro ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri, ndipo safiro ya cashmere ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Pansipa pali mfundo zosangalatsa zomwe muyenera kudziwa za mwala wachilendowu.

Dzinali limachokera ku mawu achigiriki akale. Sapphire ndi corundum, kotero imafika kuuma 9 Mosh. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi mchere wachiwiri wovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi pambuyo pa diamondi. Dzina la mchere limachokera ku zilankhulo za Semitic ndipo limatanthauza "mwala wabuluu". Ngakhale pali mithunzi ina ya safiro m'chilengedwe, yotchuka kwambiri ndi mithunzi ya buluu. Iron ndi titaniyamu ions ndi amene amachititsa mtundu. Zofunika kwambiri muzodzikongoletsera ndi mithunzi ya cornflower blue, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cashmere blue. Mitengo ya safiro yoyera komanso yowonekera imapezekanso ku Poland. makamaka ku Lower Silesia. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, osati mchere wongomwedwa mwachibadwa, komanso wopezedwa wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pano.

Sapphires ndi owonekera ndipo nthawi zambiri amagawidwa mu ndege ziwiri. Safira ndi imodzi mwa miyala yamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Mitundu ina ya safiro imawonekera pleochroism (kusintha kwamtundu kutengera kuwala komwe kukugwera pa mchere) kapena kuwala (kuwotcha kwa mafunde / kuwala) chifukwa cha chinthu china osati kutentha). Sapphires amadziwikanso ndi kukhalapo asterism (star sapphire), chinthu chowoneka bwino chomwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a timizere topapatiza tomwe timapanga mawonekedwe a nyenyezi. Miyala iyi imaphwanyidwa kukhala ma cabochons.

Kuwonekera kwa safiro

Sapphires amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'miyala yoyaka moto, nthawi zambiri pegmatites ndi basalts. Ngakhale makhiristo olemera makilogalamu 20 anapezeka ku Sri Lanka, koma analibe zodzikongoletsera. Sapphire amakumbidwanso ku Madagascar, Cambodia, India, Australia, Thailand, Tanzania, USA, Russia, Namibia, Colombia, South Africa ndi Burma. Nyenyezi ya safiro yolemera 63000 carats kapena 12.6 kg inapezeka kamodzi ku Burma. Pali safiro ku Poland, ku Lower Silesia kokha. Ofunika kwambiri aiwo amachokera ku Kashmir kapena Burma. Kale ndi mthunzi wamtundu, mutha kuzindikira dziko lochokera kumchere. Zakuda zimachokera ku Australia, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira, pamene zopepuka zimachokera ku Sri Lanka, mwachitsanzo.

Sapphire ndi mtundu wake

Mtundu wofunidwa komanso wotchuka kwambiri wa safiro ndi buluu.. Kuchokera kumwamba mpaka kunyanja. Buluu watizungulira kwenikweni. wakhala amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mtundu wake wamphamvu komanso wowoneka bwino. N'zosadabwitsa kuti safiro wokongola wabuluu adalimbikitsa malingaliro a anthu kuyambira pachiyambi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa makhalidwe omwe mtengo wa safiro umatsimikiziridwa, ndipo ndi wofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti zibwere mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupatulapo zofiira. Tikakumana ndi red corundum, tikulimbana ndi ruby. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti tikamanena kuti safiro timatanthauza buluu safiro, pamene tikufuna kusonyeza kuti tikukamba za safiro ndi mtundu wina, wotchedwa mtundu wokongola, tiyenera kunena mtundu womwe tikutanthauza. Ndi yachikasu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa golide, kapena pinki kapena lalanje. Palinso miyala ya safiro yopanda mtundu yotchedwa leucoschafirs. Zonse kupatulapo zabuluu ndi safiro zokongola. Iwo ndi otsika mtengo kuposa miyala ya safiro yokongola ya buluu, komabe pali imodzi yotchedwa Padparadscha, yomwe imatanthauza mtundu wa lotus, ndi safiro yokhayo yomwe ili ndi dzina lake osati ruby. Ndi pinki ndi lalanje panthawi imodzimodziyo ndipo ikhoza kukhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Chakhala chotchuka posachedwapa kutenthetsa safiro kuti apange mtundu wobiriwira wabuluukomabe, ndi chilengedwe cha cornflower blue sapphires chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri, sichiwala kapena mdima. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti miyala ya safiro ilibe masikelo amtundu wokhazikika, ngati diamondi, kotero kuwunika kwa miyala payokha ndikokhazikika ndipo zili kwa wogula kusankha kuti ndi miyala iti yokongola kwambiri. Ma safiro ena amathanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amitundu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zigawo pakupanga miyala. Masafi oterowo amakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka komanso wakuda m'malo osiyanasiyana a kristalo. Ma safiro ena amathanso kukhala amitundumitundu, monga ofiirira ndi abuluu. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti m'mbuyomu, miyala ya safiro ankatchedwa, monga mchere wina wamtundu womwewo, ndi chiyambi "kum'maŵa", mwachitsanzo, safiro wobiriwira amatchedwa oriental emerald. Komabe, nomenclature iyi sinakhazikike mizu, idayambitsa zolakwika zambiri ndipo idasiyidwa.

Zodzikongoletsera ndi safiro

Blue safire amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zodzikongoletsera. Posachedwapa, miyala ya safiro yachikasu, pinki ndi lalanje yakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, miyala ya safiro yobiriwira ndi yabuluu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazodzikongoletsera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yonse ya zodzikongoletsera. Mphete zaukwati, ndolo, mikanda, zibangili. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko komanso ngati mwala wowonjezera pamodzi ndi miyala ina monga diamondi kapena emerald mu mphete zachibwenzi. Sapphire wakuya wabuluu momveka bwino amatha kufika madola masauzande angapo pa carat, ndipo miyala yodziwika bwino komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imakhala mpaka ma carat awiri, ngakhale, pali olemera kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, safiro ya 1-carat idzakhala yaying'ono kuposa diamondi ya 1-carat. 6 carat yodulidwa mwala wa safiro imayenera kukhala XNUMXmm m'mimba mwake. Kwa safiro, nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira yokongola kwambiri yomwe ili yoyenera. Kugaya pang'onopang'ono nakonso kumakhala kofala. Ma safiro a nyenyezi amadulidwa cabochon, pomwe safiro wakuda ndi odulidwa. Sapphires amawoneka okongola kwambiri muzodzikongoletsera zagolide zoyera. Mphete yoyera yagolide yokhala ndi safiro monga mwala wapakati wozunguliridwa ndi diamondi ndi chimodzi mwazodzikongoletsera zokongola kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti chowonadi ndi chakuti chikuwoneka bwino mumtundu uliwonse wa golidi.

Symbolism ndi zamatsenga katundu safiro

Kale kale miyala ya safiro ankati inali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Malinga ndi Aperisi, miyalayi inkayenera kupereka moyo wosafa komanso unyamata wamuyaya. Aigupto ndi Aroma ankawaona kukhala miyala yopatulika ya chilungamo ndi choonadi. M’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti miyala ya safiro imathamangitsa mizimu yoipa ndi matsenga. Machiritso amapangidwanso ndi safiro. Akuti kulimbana ndi matenda a chikhodzodzo, mtima, impso ndi khungu komanso kumapangitsanso zotsatira za mankhwala opangidwa ndi chilengedwe.

Kukhazika mtima pansi kwa buluu kunapangitsa kuti ikhale yosatha. chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika ndi kudalira. Pachifukwa ichi, amayi padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri amasankha mwala wokongola uwu wa buluu chifukwa cha mphete zawo. Ichi ndi mwala woperekedwa kwa iwo obadwa mu Seputembala, obadwa pansi pa chizindikiro cha Virgo, ndikukondwerera zaka 5, 7, 10 ndi 45 zaukwati. Mtundu wa buluu wa safiro ndi mphatso yabwino kwambiri, yofanizira chikhulupiriro ndi kudzipereka kosasunthika kwa ubale wa anthu awiri. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, ankakhulupirira kuti kuvala miyala ya safiro kumapondereza maganizo oipa ndikuchiritsa matenda achilengedwe. Ivan the Terrible, Russian Tsar, adanena kuti amapereka mphamvu, amalimbitsa mtima ndi kulimbitsa mtima. Aperisi ankakhulupirira kuti unali mwala wa moyo wosafa.

Sapphire mu Chikhristu

Poyamba ankaganiza choncho safiro bwino ndendemakamaka nthawi yopemphera, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu zake. Pachifukwachi, unkatchedwanso mwala wa amonke. Safira ankakondanso anthu olemekezeka a m’tchalitchi. Papa Gregory XV analengeza kuti ukakhala mwala wa makadinala, ndipo m’mbuyomo, Papa Innocent Wachiwiri analamula mabishopu kuvala mphete za safiro kudzanja lawo lamanja lodalitsika. Anayenera kuteteza atsogoleri achipembedzo ku kunyonyotsoka ndi zisonkhezero zoipa zakunja. Mcherewu umapezekanso m’Baibulo. Mu Apocalypse ya St. Yohane ndi mmodzi wa miyala khumi ndi iwiri imene ikukongoletsa Yerusalemu wakumwamba.

miyala ya safiro yotchuka

Nthawi zasintha, koma safiro akadali mchere wokongola komanso wofunikira. Tsopano palibe amene amakhulupirira kuti mwala udzachiritsa poizoni kapena kuchotsa chithumwa choipa, koma akazi ambiri amasankha mphete yaukwati shaifr. Imodzi mwa mphete zodziwika bwino za chibwenzi ndi Kate Middleton, yemwe kale anali ndi Princess Diana. Golide woyera, safiro wapakati wa Ceylon wozunguliridwa ndi diamondi. Blue Belle yaku Asia ndi safiro ya 400 carat yosungidwa m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu ku UK, yoyikidwa mu mkanda mu 2014 ndikugulitsidwa $22 miliyoni. Imafotokozedwa kuti ndi yachinayi pakukula padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo miyala ya safiro yodula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi mwala womwe unakumbidwa ku Sri Lanka m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Sapphire wamkulu kwambiri wa asterism pakadali pano amakhala ku Smithsonian, komwe adaperekedwa ndi JPMorgana. Sapphire yayikulu kwambiri yomwe idapezeka mpaka pano anali mwala wopezeka mu 1996 ku Madagascar, wolemera 17,5kg!

Kodi miyala ya safiro yopangira zinthu imapangidwa bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri, zodzikongoletsera za safiro zimakhala ndi miyala yopangira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwala unalengedwa ndi munthu, osati mwa chilengedwe. Iwo ndi okongola kwambiri ngati miyala ya safiro, koma alibe “chinthu cha dziko lapansi” chimenecho. Kodi ndizotheka kusiyanitsa miyala ya safiro yopangidwa ndi chilengedwe ndi maso? Tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi. Zoyamba za corundum zidachitika m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, pomwe mipira yaying'ono ya ruby ​​​​inapezedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50, panali njira yomwe mchere unawomberedwa mumoto wa hydrogen-oxygen, umene makhiristo anapangidwa pambuyo pake. Komabe, ndi njirayi, makhiristo ang'onoang'ono okha adapangidwa, chifukwa chachikulu - zonyansa ndi mawanga. M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, njira ya hydrothermal idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe inali kusungunula ma aluminium oxides ndi ma hydroxides pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, kenako njerezo zidapachikidwa pamawaya asiliva ndipo, chifukwa cha yankho, zidamera. Njira yotsatira ndiyo njira ya Verneuil, yomwe imaphatikizaponso kusungunuka kwa zinthuzo, koma madzi omwe amagwera amagwera pamunsi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala kristalo wachilengedwe, womwe ndi maziko a kukula. Njirayi ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano ndipo ikupitilizidwa bwino, komabe, makampani ambiri ali ndi njira zawo zopezera mchere wopangira ndi kusunga njirazi mwachinsinsi. Ma safiro a synthetic amakumbidwa osati kungoyika zodzikongoletsera. Amapangidwanso nthawi zambiri kuti apange zowonera kapena mabwalo ophatikizika.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji safiro yopangira?

Zopangidwa mwaluso miyala ya safiro ndi safiro zili ndi zinthu zofananira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, kotero ndizovuta kwambiri, pafupifupi zosatheka, kuzizindikira ndi maso. Ndi mwala wotere, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi jeweler wapadera. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi mtengo. Zimadziwika kuti mchere wachilengedwe sudzakhala wotsika mtengo. Chizindikiro chowonjezera ndi kusakhalapo kapena zolakwika pang'ono pa miyala yopangira.

Zokutidwa ndi safiro ndi miyala yokumba

Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa kuti pali mawu oti miyala yomwe iyenera kuchiritsidwa kapena kuchiritsidwa. Nthawi zambiri mwala wamtengo wapatali wachilengedwe sudziwika ndi mtundu woyenera, ndiyeno miyala ya safiro kapena rubi imathamangitsidwa kuti isinthe mtundu wawo kosatha. Mwachitsanzo, topazi imakonzedwanso chimodzimodzi, ndipo ma emerald ali kale mafuta. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti njirazi sizikuwononga mwala, musapangitse mwala kukhala wachilengedwe. Zachidziwikire, palinso njira zomwe mwala wamtengo wapatali umataya kwambiri ndipo subweranso pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Njira zoterezi zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kudzaza ma ruby ​​ndi galasi kapena kukonza diamondi kuti awonjezere kalasi ya chiyero, monga chidwi, palinso miyala yopangira. Ndizosiyana ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangidwa. Momwemonso miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangidwa ndi thupi ndi mankhwala omwe ali pafupifupi ofanana ndi anzawo achilengedwe, miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangira ALIBE ma analogue m'chilengedwe. Zitsanzo za miyala yotereyi ndi, mwachitsanzo, zircon zotchuka kwambiri kapena moissanite yochepa kwambiri (diamond kutsanzira).

Onani wathu kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso cha miyala yonse yamtengo wapatali amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzodzikongoletsera

• Diamondi / diamondi
• Ruby
• ametusito
• Aquamarine
• Agate
• ametrine
• Safira
• Emerald
• Topazi
• Tsimofan
• Yade
• morganite
• kulira
• Peridot
• Alexandrite
• Heliodor