Mwala wamtengo wapatali wamarodi - pang'ono mbiri

Smaragdos kuchokera ku Greek, Smaragdus kuchokera ku Latin. Kuchokera m'mawu awiriwa kumabwera ngwazi yathu yamasiku ano. Emerald. Beryl ndi wa gulu la silicates. Emerald ndi ena mwa miyala yamtengo wapatali yochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe amafunidwa kwambiri. Migodi yakale kwambiri ya emarodi inali pafupi ndi Nyanja Yofiira ndipo inkadziwika kuti "Cleopatra's Mines" kumene afarao ankasonkhanitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali pakati pa 3000 ndi 1500 BC. A Incas ndi Aaziteki a ku South America ankalambira emerald ndipo ankauona ngati mwala wopatulika. Ku India, omwe mabwalo awo adadzazidwa ndi emerald, adawona kuti ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali womwe umabweretsa mwayi komanso thanzi.

Emerald mtundu - kusankha mtundu uti?

Mtundu wawo wobiriwira wosayerekezeka umapezeka pokhapokha muzochitika zachilengedwe. Mikhalidwe imeneyi imayambitsanso maonekedwe a ming'alu yaing'ono ndi kuphatikizika m'miyala, kotero maonekedwe awo ndi ovomerezeka mu emeralds apamwamba kwambiri. Emerald inclusions akhoza kukhala mpweya, madzi kapena mchere monga calcite, talc, biotite, pyrite kapena apatite. Emerald yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi Trapitium emerald, momwe tingawonere chitsanzo cha nyenyezi zisanu ndi chimodzi mu gawo la mtanda wa kristalo. Mitundu iyi imabzalidwa ku Colombia, m'maboma a Chivor ndi Muzo. Ma emerald okongola obiriwira oterewa ndi chifukwa cha zonyansa za chromium ndi vanadium. Kangapo, mwina, aliyense wamva mawu akuti "emarodi wobiriwira". Icho chinachokera ku kanthu, emerald wobiriwira - wokongola kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mtundu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuweruza. Mthunzi wa emarodi umayamba kuchokera ku kuwala kobiriwira. Inde, miyala yotereyi imawononga ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuposa miyala yobiriwira yakuda. Mtundu ukakhala ndi mthunzi woyenera, wogawidwa mofanana pamwala wonse, zitsanzo zoterezi zimatha kuwononga ndalama zambiri kuposa diamondi.

Mawonekedwe a emerald

Panali filimu monga "Chikondi, Emerald ndi Ng'ona". Mutu wa filimuyo umagwirizana kwambiri ndi malo. Colombia, omwe amapanga kwambiri emeralds, ndi malo oti apeze zitsanzo za mtundu wokongola kwambiri. Inde, awa si malo okhawo omwe tingapeze ma emerald. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi miyala ya metamorphic, mitsempha ya pegmatite, komanso mchenga ndi miyala ya ma deposits achiwiri. Zowona, beryllium ndi chromium sizipezeka pafupi ndi mnzake, komabe, ma emerald amapezekanso (pakati pa ena) ku Brazil, Urals, India, USA, Tanzan. Mutha kuwapezanso ku Poland, koma sitipeza zitsanzo pano zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazodzikongoletsera. (Lower Silesia)

Makhalidwe a emerald

Kuseri kwa safiro ndi ruby, ndiko XNUMX pa sikelo ya Mohs. Ndi mwala wolimba ndithu, koma ndi wosalimba kwambiri. Imawonetsa pleochroism, i.e. kusintha mtundu malinga ndi ngodya ya zochitika za kuwala. Emerald ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo ofunikira. Ndiko kuti, inclusions. Ndikosowa kupeza mwala wopanda inclusions, woyera mkati, ngati ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chamtengo wapatali. Chifukwa cha chidziwitso ichi, tidzadziwana ndi safiro wachilengedwe pang'onopang'ono, pamene sitiwona zophatikizika kapena zonyansa, tingakhale otsimikiza kuti tikulimbana ndi zopangira, i.e. mwala wochita kupanga.

Kodi emerald ndi ndalama zingati?

Zikuwoneka kuti palibe yankho la funso loterolo, mwinamwake palibe yankho la funso loterolo pankhani ya kusinthanitsa emerald pamwala wina uliwonse wamtengo wapatali. Monga ndi diamondi ndi miyala ina yamtengo wapatali, emarodi amaikidwa pa 4C, i.e. mtundu, kudula, kumveka, kulemera (ct). Akatswiri ambiri a miyala yamtengo wapatali amavomereza kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa emerald ndi mtundu wake. Iyenera kukhala yofanana osati yakuda kwambiri. Ma emeralds osowa komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri amakhala obiriwira obiriwira, pomwe ma emerald otsika mtengo amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wopepuka. Kupukuta kwa emerald ndikofunikanso kwambiri, kudulidwa koyamba kwa kristalo kumalola kukulitsa mtundu wake wobiriwira womwe ukufunidwa ndikuchepetsa ma inclusions ndi zilema. Ma emeralds ena omwe ali m'magulu achinsinsi kapena malo osungiramo zinthu zakale amalemera mazana a makarati ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi amtengo wapatali.

zodzikongoletsera za emarodi

Emerald ndi "aakulu atatu" miyala yamitundu. Pamodzi ndi safiro ndi ruby, ndizo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimasiyidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, emeralds ali ndi inclusions ndi inclusions zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya mwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofooka kwambiri. Zodzikongoletsera za emerald ziyenera kusamaliridwa mosamala, chifukwa mwala ukhoza kuwonongeka mosavuta. Ogaya ali ndi ntchito yomweyo yovuta. Kwa iwo, mwala ukhoza kuwonongeka ngakhale usanalowedwe muzodzikongoletsera. Pankhani ya emerald yokhala ndi mphete kapena ndolo kapena pendenti, kudula kwapadera kotchedwa emerald kudula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kudula kozungulira kowoneka bwino kumatchukanso kwambiri. Mphete zokhala ndi emerald zimawoneka zokongola pa chala, ndipo mikanda yokhala ndi emerald yayikulu yakongoletsa ma cutouts amutu wokhala ndi korona kwazaka zambiri. Emeralds okha amawoneka okongola opangidwa ndi zodzikongoletsera, komanso omwe ali pafupi ndi diamondi. Tsopano nyenyezi zapadziko lapansi zimavalanso zodzikongoletsera ndi emarodi. Angelina Jolie ali ndi ndolo zabwino za golide za emarodi m'magulu ake, mphete yokongola ya emarodi inawoneka pa dzanja la Elizabeth Taylor, ndipo banja lachifumu la Britain lili ndi zidutswa zingapo zodabwitsa zomangidwa ndi zisindikizo, tiaras ndi mikanda. Mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Vienna (Kunsthistorisches) pali vase wobiriwira wakuda 10 cm wamtali ndi wolemera 2681 carats. Ndilo chidutswa chachikulu kwambiri chojambulidwa kuchokera ku kristalo wa emarodi.

Emerald - chizindikiro cha moyo

Emerald wobiriwira akuyimira masika, kudzutsidwa kwa moyo. Mu Roma wakale, unali mtundu umene umaimira kukongola ndi chikondi cha mulungu wamkazi Venus. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake emerald ndi mphatso yabwino kwa iwo obadwa mu May, anthu omwe ali pansi pa chizindikiro cha Ng'ombe, komanso kukondwerera zaka 20, 35 kapena 55 zaukwati. Masiku ano, emerald ndi chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika, mtendere ndi chitetezo, chizindikiro cha kubadwanso ndi chiyambi chatsopano. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zonse zomwe timagwirizanitsa zobiriwira. Kupereka emerald kumatanthauza kuti timayamikira kwambiri wolandira.