Tatu: ndi chiyani, mbiri komanso chifukwa chake timazikonda kwambiri.

Zolemba: kodi tiyenera kudziwa chiyani?

Zomwe tattoo? Titha kutanthauziridwa ngati luso, mchitidwe wokongoletsa thupi ndi zithunzi, zojambula, zizindikilo, utoto kapena ayi, osati tanthauzo lonse.

ngakhale, njira za tattoo zasintha kwazaka mazana ambiri, malingaliro ake oyambira sanasinthe pakapita nthawi.

Zolemba zamakono zamakono zakumadzulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makina omwe amalola kuti inki ilowetsedwe pakhungu kudzera mu singano yapadera, yomwe, ikukwera mmwamba ndi pansi, imatha kulowa pafupifupi millimeter pansi pa epidermis.

Pali singano zosiyanasiyana pakati pawo m'lifupi, kutengera momwe amagwiritsira ntchito; kwenikweni, singano iliyonse imakhala ndi tanthauzo lapadera la nuance, contouring kapena kusakaniza.

Chipangizo ntchito mphini ano imagwira ntchito ziwiri mobwerezabwereza:

• Kuchuluka kwa inki mu singano
• Kutulutsa inki mkati mwa khungu (pansi pa khungu)

Munthawi izi, kuchuluka kwa singano ya tattoo kumatha kuyambira 50 mpaka 3000 pamphindi.

Mbiri Yakale

Posankha tattoo, kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti chiyambi chake ndi chiyani?

Masiku ano, ma tattoo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati njira yodziwonetsera pathupi.

Ngakhale zili choncho, ndizotheka kupeza iwo omwe amatembenuzira mphuno zawo patsogolo pawo chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso kapena tsankho pazatanthauzo lenileni la maluso awa.

M'malo mwake, mphini ndi njira yeniyeni yolumikizirana, kukumana ndi chinthu china chosafunikira, chodzizindikiritsa kuti ndiwe gulu, chipembedzo, zikhulupiriro, komanso njira yoti ukhale wokondweretsa kwambiri kapena ungotsatira zomwe zikuchitika.

Mawu akuti tattoo amapezeka koyamba m'ma 700s pambuyo popezeka pachilumba cha Tahiti ndi wamkulu waku England a James Cook. Anthu okhala pamalowo kale ankaloza kuchita chizolowezi cholemba mphini ndi liwu laku Polynesia "tau-tau", losandulika zilembo kukhala "Tattoou", ndikuzisintha kuti zizikhala Chingerezi. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe kukayika kuti mchitidwe wolemba mphini unayambira kale kwambiri, mpaka zaka 5.000 zapitazo.

Ndi ochepa magawo a mbiriyakale:

• Mu 1991, adapezeka kudera lamapiri pakati pa Italy ndi Austria. Amayi a Similaun inayamba zaka 5.300 zapitazo. Anali ndi ma tattoo m'thupi mwake, omwe panthawiyo anali ndi X-ray, ndipo kunapezeka kuti malingalirowo mwina amapangidwa kuti azichiritsa, popeza kufooka kwa mafupa kumatha kuwonetsedwa m'malo omwewo.
• Mkati mwaEgypt yakale Osewera anali ndi mapangidwe ofanana ndi ma tattoo, monga tawonera mumayi ena ndi zojambula zomwe zidapezeka mu 2.000 BC.
• Il Anthu achi Celtic ankalambira milungu yanyama ndipo, monga chizindikiro cha kudzipereka, adalemba milungu imodzimodziyo polemba ma tattoo pathupi lake.
• Masomphenya Anthu achiroma m'mbiri, ichi chakhala chizindikiro cha ma tattoo okhawo achifwamba ndi ochimwa. Pambuyo pake, atakumana ndi anthu aku Britain omwe adalemba ma tattoo pamatupi awo pankhondo, adaganiza zakuwatengera pachikhalidwe chawo.
• Chikhulupiriro chachikhristu chinagwiritsa ntchito chizolowezi choyika zizindikilo zachipembedzo pamphumi ngati chizindikiro chodzipereka. Pambuyo pake, munthawi ya nkhondo zamtanda, asitikali adasankhanso zolembalemba kumeneko. Yerusalemu awolokakuti azindikiridwe akaphedwa kunkhondo.

Chizindikiro chazithunzi

M'mbiri yonse, chizolowezi cholemba ma tattoo nthawi zonse chimakhala ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsa. Kuvutika kogwirizana, gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira, lakhala likusiyanitsa malingaliro akumadzulo ndi akum'mawa, Africa ndi nyanja.

M'malo mwake, mwanjira zakumadzulo, kupweteka kumachepetsedwa, pomwe m'miyambo ina yomwe idatchulidwa, imapeza tanthauzo ndikofunikira: kuwawa kumabweretsa munthu kufupi ndi zomwe zimachitikira imfa, ndipo, pokana nayo, amatha kutulutsa.

M'masiku akale, aliyense amene adasankha kujambula tattoo adakumana ndi izi ngati mwambo, kuyesa kapena kuyambitsa.

Mwachitsanzo, amakhulupirira kuti amatsenga, asing'anga kapena ansembe adalemba ma tattoo m'mbuyomu m'malo opweteka pomwe akumva kupweteka, monga msana kapena mikono.

Pamodzi ndi zowawa, palinso zofananira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi magazi mukamachita.

Magazi oyenda akuyimira moyo, chifukwa chake kukhetsa magazi, ngakhale kuli kochepa komanso kosafunikira, kumafanizira zomwe zimachitikira imfa.

Njira ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana

Kuyambira kale, maluso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ma tattoo adasiyanasiyana ndipo anali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kutengera chikhalidwe chomwe adachita. Kukula kwachikhalidwe ndiko komwe kwathandizira kusiyanitsa maluso, popeza, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kusinthaku kukugona pazochitikira ndi phindu lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha zowawa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mchitidwewu. Tiyeni tiwone makamaka:

• Njira Zam'madzi: mmadera monga Polynesia ndi New Zealand, chida chojambulidwa ndi mafupa chakuthwa kumapeto chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kulowa mkati mwa khungu lomwe limapezeka pokoka ndikukonza mtedza wa coconut.
• Njira Zakale za Inuit: Singano zopangidwa ndi mafupa zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Inuit kupanga ulusi wa cinchona, wokutidwa ndi ulusi wa soot womwe umatha kutulutsa utoto ndikulowerera pakhungu mwaluso.
• Njira zaku Japan: Amatchedwa tebori ndipo amakhala ndi zolembalemba m'manja ndi singano (titaniyamu kapena chitsulo). Amamangiriridwa kumapeto kwa ndodo ya nsungwi yomwe imayenda uku ndi uku ngati burashi, ikuboola khungu mosavutikira, koma mopweteka kwambiri. Pazochitikazo, wolemba tattoo amasunga khungu lake kuti azitha kuthandizira khungu podutsitsa singano. Kamodzi, singano sizinachotsedwe komanso zotchinga, koma lero ndizotheka kukonza ukhondo ndi chitetezo. Zotsatira zomwe zingapezeke ndi njirayi ndizosiyana ndi makina achikale chifukwa amatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale zitenga nthawi yayitali. Njirayi ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito ku Japan masiku ano, makamaka ndi mitundu yakuda (sumi) kuphatikiza ndi American (kumadzulo). 
• Njira za Samoa: Ndi chida chopweteka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimatsagana ndi miyambo ndi nyimbo. Izi zimachitika motere: wochita seweroli amagwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri, imodzi mwa iyo ili ngati chisa cha fupa chokhala ndi chogwirira chokhala ndi singano 3 mpaka 20, ndipo inayo ndi chida chonga chomata chomwe chimagundika.

Yoyamba imayikidwa ndi pigment yomwe imapezeka pokonza zomera, madzi ndi mafuta, ndipo imakankhidwa ndi ndodo kuti ipyole khungu. Zachidziwikire, pazochita zonse zolimbitsa thupi, khungu liyenera kukhalabe lolimba kuti lizichita bwino.

• Njira yaku Thai kapena Cambodian: ali ndi mizu yakale kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri pachikhalidwe ichi. M'chilankhulo chakomweko amatchedwa "Sak Yant" kapena "tattoo yopatulika", kutanthauza tanthauzo lakuya lomwe limapitilira mawonekedwe akhungu. Chizindikiro cha ku Thai chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi. motere: ndodo yolodzedwa (sak mai) imviikidwa mu inki kenako ndikudina pakhungu kuti ipange kujambula. Njirayi imakhala ndi ululu womwe umawonekeratu, womwe umadaliranso dera lomwe lasankhidwa.
• Njira zakumadzulo (America): Ndi njira yatsopano kwambiri komanso yamakono yomwe yatchulidwa, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi ma koilo amagetsi kapena kolowera kamodzi. Imeneyi ndi njira yopweteka kwambiri yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kusinthika kwamakono kwa cholembera chamagetsi cha Thomas Edison cha 1876. Patent yoyamba yamagetsi yamagetsi yokhoza kulemba mphini yapezeka ndi a Samuel O'Reilly mu 1891 ku United States, yomwe idalimbikitsidwa ndi zomwe Edison adapanga. Komabe, lingaliro la O'Reilly silinakhalitse chifukwa chakuzungulira kokha. Pasanapite nthawi, Mngelezi wina dzina lake Thomas Riley adapanga makina omwewo pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitiroma, omwe adasinthiratu zolembazo. Chida chomalizirachi chidakonzedwa ndikukhazikitsidwa pakapita nthawi kuti chikwaniritse magwiridwe antchito ake, mpaka mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri komanso womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano.