Zojambula Zamitundu: Mbiri, Masitayilo ndi Ojambula

1. Buku
2. Miyeso
3. Amitundu

M'nkhaniyi, tikufufuza mbiri yakale, masitayelo, ndi amisiri omwe amasunga miyambo yamtundu wa tattoo.

Magwero a ma tattoo onse ali m'mbiri yakale ya anthu. Zojambula zamafuko zimayamba pomwe nthawi ya anthu imayamba, m'malo omwazikana padziko lonse lapansi. Madontho akuda ndi mizere, nthawi zambiri zamwambo kapena zopatulika, ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu za chikhalidwe chochuluka cha tattoo. M'nkhaniyi, tiphunzira zambiri za chiyambi chochepa cha kujambula zizindikiro, momwe luso lakale kwambiri la anthu linakhalira, mbiri yakale, masitayelo, ndi ojambula amakono omwe amasunga mwambo wakalewu.

Mbiri yama tattoo amitundu

Mwinanso wotchuka kwambiri pamitundu yonse yamitundu ndi Otzi the Iceman. Wopezeka pamalire a Austria ndi Italy, thupi la Otzi lili ndi ma tattoo 61, onse osavuta modabwitsa ndipo amakhala ndi mizere yopingasa kapena yoyima. Mzere uliwonse unapangidwa ndi makala otsata mabala ang'onoang'ono, koma musadabwe ndi zolemba zawo zosavuta; ngakhale kuti anakhalako zaka zoposa 5,000 zapitazo, dziko lake linali lopita patsogolo modabwitsa. Kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa mu International Journal of Paleopathology akufotokoza kuti osati zitsamba ndi zomera zomwe zinapezeka ndi Otzi zomwe zinali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu lachipatala, koma zojambula zake zonse zimagwirizana ndi mfundo za acupuncture. Izi zing'onozing'ono zokhudzana ndi moyo m'zaka zoyambirira za Bronze Age zimatipatsa malingaliro osangalatsa a kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zizindikiro za mafuko oyambirira: anali ochiritsira matenda kapena ululu.

Zitsanzo zakale za ma tattoo a mafuko apezeka pa maimidwe ambiri ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndipo amayambira nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro chachiwiri chakale kwambiri ndi cha mayi wa bambo wa Chinchorro yemwe amakhala pakati pa 2563 ndi 1972 BC ndipo adapezeka kumpoto kwa Chile. Zojambula zakale zapezeka pamitumbo ku Egypt, yakale kwambiri yowonetsa madontho osavuta kuzungulira m'munsi pamimba, koma posachedwapa thupi lotetezedwa lapezedwa lopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, kuphatikiza maluwa a lotus, nyama, ndi maso a Wadjet. , yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Diso la Horus. Mayiyo omwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi wansembe, akuti adadulidwa mu 1300 ndi 1070 BC. Inki yake ndi chidziŵitso chachikulu cha kalembedwe ka zojambulajambula m'madera osiyanasiyana; akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zinthu izi, makamaka, ali ndi mwambo kwambiri ndi chizindikiro chopatulika.

Komabe, mwina mayi wakale kwambiri wokhala ndi ma tattoo a mafuko, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi malingaliro athu amakono a zojambulajambula, ndiye chitsanzo pakhungu la Princess Ukok. Amakhulupirira kuti adamwalira cha m'ma 500 BC. m’dera limene tsopano ndi kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Siberia. Zojambula zake zimawonetsa zolengedwa zanthano ndipo ndi zokongola kwambiri. Mwatsatanetsatane komanso wamitundu yambiri kuposa momwe amayi adapeza m'mbuyomu, mwana wamkazi wamfumu ndi cholumikizira cha kusinthika kwa kujambula kwamitundu ndi kujambula kwamakono. Amakhulupirira kuti ntchito zake sizikutanthauza chikhalidwe chokha, komanso maubwenzi a m'banja, zizindikiro ndi filosofi.

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi zojambulajambula za ku Polynesia. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, ma tattoo amitundu iyi ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakujambula kwamakono. Monga Mfumukazi Ukoka, zojambula za ku Polynesia zikuwonetsera miyambo yoyambitsira, kupambana pa nthawi ya nkhondo, kugwirizana kwa mafuko, malo, umunthu, ndi nzeru. Ndi zithunzi zambiri ndi zophiphiritsira, zojambula za thupi izi zakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri kupyolera mu kusunga ndi kulemekeza chikhalidwe. Ngakhale pano, akatswiri ambiri amitundu yama tattoo amadziwa bwino zoyenera kuchita ndipo amangochita izi ngati ali ophunzira bwino komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Mikwingwirima ikuluikulu yakuda, mizere, madontho, ma swirls, abstract motifs ndi zizindikiro zikupitiriza kulimbikitsa ojambula ndi okonda tattoo padziko lonse lapansi.

Mitundu yamitundu yama tattoo

Ma tattoo a mafuko apezeka padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi zaka masauzande ambiri ndipo, limodzi ndi zojambulajambula za miyala ndi mbiya, ndizojambula zakale kwambiri zomwe zatsalako. Nkowonekeratu kuti umunthu nthawizonse wakhala ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mawu ndi tanthauzo; ma tattoo akupitiriza kukhala njira ya izi. Mwamwayi, luso, zida, ndi chidziwitso zikufalikira momasuka masiku ano, ndipo kalembedwe kamitundu kamene kamajambula mphini kumachokera pazaluso ndi zokongoletsa za anthu osiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi mizere yakuda, madontho, ndi mawonekedwe osamveka, ojambula akupitiriza kukankhira malire. Kupanga zizindikilo zatsopano ndikuphatikiza mawonekedwe awo ndi ma tattoo akale amitundu, makasitomala amatha kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ojambula omwe amapanga zojambulajambula zamitundu

Mwinamwake wojambula wotchuka kwambiri wa tattoo wa fuko ndi Wang-od. Wobadwa mu 1917, ali ndi zaka 101, ndi womaliza pa mambabats akulu, wojambula tattoo wa Kalinga wochokera kudera la Buscalan ku Philippines. Ma tattoo a Mambabatok ndi mizere, madontho ndi zizindikiro zosamveka. Mofanana ndi ntchito yake ndi tattoo ya Hayvarasli, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zosavuta zomwezo komanso madera akuluakulu amtundu wakuda ndi mawonekedwe kuti apange ntchito zazikulu, nthawi zambiri monga zovala za thupi. Victor J. Webster ndi wojambula wakuda wakuda yemwe amapanga mitundu ingapo ya ma tattoo ndi ma tattoo amitundu kutengera polojekitiyi, kuphatikiza Maori, Native American, Tibetan ndi ena. Ntchito yake ndi chithunzithunzi changwiro cha kugwirizana kwakukulu komwe ndiko kuwonetsera kwaluso kwa munthu. Hanumantra Lamara ndi wojambula winanso yemwe adasakaniza mitundu yamakono komanso akale kuti apange siginecha yake ya Blackwork.

Monga chidwi ndi zokometsera zamafuko zakhala zikusintha pang'onopang'ono kuyambira m'ma 1990, pali akatswiri ambiri ojambula omwe amadzipangira okha zojambula zamtundu wa anthu kapena kukhala owona ku mawonekedwe oyamba. Igor Kampman amapanga ma tattoo ambiri aku America aku America, kuphatikiza ma tattoo a Haida, omwe adachokera ku Haida Gwaii, kugombe la North Pacific ku Canada. Zojambula zamitundu iyi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nyama zosawoneka bwino monga khwangwala, anangumi opha, ndi zithunzi zina zomwe zimawonedwa kwambiri pamitengo ya totem ya Haida. Dmitry Babakhin amadziwikanso ndi ntchito yake yaulemu komanso yodzipereka mumayendedwe a Polynesia, pomwe Gerhard Wiesbeck amagwira ntchito ndi ma tattoo amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku mfundo za Celtic mpaka mawonekedwe opatulika a geometric.

Pamene kujambula kwamitundu kumadutsa zikhalidwe ndi mbiri zambiri, masitayelo ambiri atuluka ndipo ojambula ambiri amapitilira mwambo wakalewu. Monga momwe zilili ndi zojambulajambula zambiri zachikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kudziwa mbiri yakale komanso mbiri ya fuko lomwe mungafune kutsanzira ngati tattoo. Kaŵirikaŵiri nkosavuta kunyozetsa mafuko mwa kuvomereza miyambo yawo yopatulika ndi zizindikiro chabe chifukwa cha kukongola. Komabe, mwamwayi, nthawi zonse pamakhala amisiri oyenerera komanso odziwa zambiri kuti akuthandizeni panjira.

By Justin Morrow