Zojambula Zowonetsera: Mbiri, Mapangidwe ndi Ojambula

1. Buku
2. Miyeso
3. fanizo

M'nkhaniyi, tikufufuza mbiri yakale, masitayelo, ndi ojambula zithunzi za ma tatoo owonetsera.

Zodziwika nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha mizere ndi kalembedwe kake, ma tatoo owonetsera amatha kulakwitsa mosavuta ndi zojambula zosavuta zapakhungu. Ndi zoyambira zozama zamakedzana za anthu, kuchokera ku primitivism kupita ku zamakono, timapeza mbiri yakale, masitayelo ndi akatswiri ojambula omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopenta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti apange ntchito zawo.

Mbiri ya Ma Tattoo Owonetsera

Pali mayendedwe osiyanasiyana m'mbiri yojambulira omwe adalimbikitsa njira iyi patsogolo pa zojambulajambula. Komabe, chifukwa pali akatswiri ambiri ojambula, luso, ndi zochitika zakale zomwe zili mbali ya kalembedwe ka ma tattoo, tawunikira zodziwika bwino zamtunduwu. Taphatikizanso masitayelo ojambulira, ma sketch-like, zojambula zoyambira za Old Masters zaukadaulo, Abstract Expressionism, German Expressionism, ndi zina zambiri. Palinso njira zambiri zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula ma tattoo. Madontho, madontho, mzere, shading... njira zogwiritsira ntchito inki zimasiyana malinga ndi maonekedwe kapena maonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Tayesera kuphatikizirapo njira zambiri zamaluso amagwirira ntchito mwanjira iyi, koma poganizira zokonda ndi malingaliro amunthu, zosankhazo ndizopanda malire!

Zojambula zakale kwambiri za rock ndi zaka pafupifupi 40,000. Zikuwoneka kuti kudziwonetsera nokha ndikwakale monga umunthu, ndipo ngakhale mungaganize kuti zojambulazi zingakhale zophweka, sizili choncho. Zojambula za njati ku Phanga la Altamira, zomwe zidalembedwa cha m'ma 20,000 zaka 2011 zapitazo, ndizolongosoka komanso zofotokozera modabwitsa. Kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a chinyama mu mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino a cubism, akuvutitsa modabwitsa mumasiku ano. Zomwezo zitha kunenedwa za Phanga la Chauvet, lomwe filimu yolembedwa ndi Werner Herzog idajambulidwa mu 30,000. Phanga la Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc, lomwe lili kumwera kwa France, ndi chimodzi mwazitsanzo zosungidwa bwino za zojambulajambula za rock kuyambira zaka XNUMX zapitazo. Kusuntha, mtundu wa mizere, kusanjika kwa utoto ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za mafanizo a anthu. Ndipo ngakhale zingawonekere kutali ndi tattoo yophiphiritsa, mapanga amatsimikizira momwe kalembedwe kameneka kakukhalira kwa anthu.

Ngakhale kuti chikoka cha luso la miyala chimatha kuwoneka mwina mu Cubism, Abstract Expressionism ndi zina zambiri, kujambula kunkawoneka ngati chojambula choyambirira, chogwirizana ndi malingaliro a zomangamanga, kapena pokonzekera kujambula. Komabe, ngakhale mpaka pano, ena a iwo amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi monga kudzoza kwa ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za Vitruvian Man ya Leonardo da Vinci. Chojambula chimene anajambula chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 15 chosonyeza mmene munthu alili, monga mmene Vitruvius, katswiri wina wa zomangamanga wa ku Roma, ananena. Osati chithunzi chokha, komanso lingaliro la geometry yopatulika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafanizo chifukwa cha chiyambi ndi njira zake. Chotero, pamene kuli kwakuti mafanizo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi njira zomvekera bwino, angathandizenso kujambula malingaliro ndi zochitika, kapenanso monga chowonekera chakusatsa malonda. Mwachiwonekere, kamera isanapangidwe mu 1816, anthu analibe njira zowonetsera kapena kutulutsa zenizeni popanda njira yojambulira, motero masitayelo ambiri adapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Masitayelo ndi ojambula zithunzi zazithunzi

Maonekedwe a etching ndi chosema omwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera muzolemba zakuda ndi gawo la ma tattoo owonetsera. Mitengo yamatabwa imatengedwanso kuti ndi ya banja ili. Nthawi zambiri, mafanizo a chinthu chomwe amalizidwa amaphatikiza zojambula ngati gawo loyambirira popanga mwatsatanetsatane ntchito. Odd Tattooist, Aaron Aziel ndi Franco Maldonado ndi ena ojambula omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mzere wolemetsa uwu pantchito yawo. Kulimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito ya Goya, Gustave Doré, kapena Albrecht Dürer, ikhoza kukhala ndi maonekedwe a surreal kapena amdima malinga ndi zokonda za munthu wojambula tattoo. Ojambula omwe amakonda zojambulajambula zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito singano za mizere yabwino kuphatikiza ndi njira zojambulira monga kuswa ming'alu, kuswa motsatizana, ndipo nthawi zina zikwapu zazing'ono. Masitayilo apadera awa ndiabwino kutulutsanso mawonekedwe a ubweya kapena mawonekedwe a mphesa zokhazikika kapena zojambulidwa.

Ojambula ma tattoo omwe amadzozedwa ndi kuzokota ndi kuwotcha nthawi zambiri amagwera m'gulu la Blackwork kapena Dark Art. Ndizomveka bwino chifukwa chake; ojambula zithunzi ndi akatswiri akale omwe adakhudza ntchitozi nthawi zambiri anali ndi chidwi ndi filosofi ya esoteric, alchemy ndi matsenga. Zizindikiro, ziwanda, ndi zolengedwa zongopeka zimatha kuwonetsedwa m'njira zambiri, koma zojambulajambula izi nthawi zambiri zimatengera zakuda kapena zakuda ndi imvi. Alexander Grim ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha izi. Ojambula ena monga Derek Noble amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozama kwambiri monga magazi ofiira kapena lalanje. Ojambula ena monga Christian Casas amalimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro omwewo ndipo amakonda kutsatira masitayelo angapo osiyanasiyana; Kuphatikiza Zojambula Zamdima ndi Neo Traditional, Casas amakondabe tattoo yolimba mtima kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe ena ojambulidwa a tattoo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi German Expressionism, kukongola komwe kunayamba nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanachitike ndipo idafika pachimake m'ma 1920s. Mwina mmodzi mwa ojambula otchuka kwambiri panthawiyi ndi Egon Schiele, yemwe anamwalira ali wamng'ono kwambiri wa zaka 28 mu 1918. Komabe, mbiri yake yalimbikitsa ojambula ambiri kuphatikiza ojambula aku Korea Nadia, Lizo ndi Panta Choi. . Mwina gawo limodzi mwazojambula zofananira bwino zomwe zikugunda pagulu la ma tattoo, mzere wopyapyala ndi wabwino kwa mizere yofotokozera yomwe akatswiri ngati Schiele ndi Modigliani ali nayo. Palinso ojambula ena a tattoo omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kameneka, makamaka ojambula ngati Ernst Ludwig Kirchner ndi Käthe Kollwitz omwe ankadziwika ndi zojambula zawo zodabwitsa. Ma tattoo awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mizere yokhuthala, koma mapangidwe ake amakhalabe ndikuyenda mwamphamvu, monga mizere yopyapyala.

Zoonadi, mayendedwe onse aluso ndi osiyanasiyana modabwitsa, koma mawu osamveka, cubism ndi fauvism zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe, koma aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chikoka chake pa kujambula zithunzi. Ojambula omwe adachita nawo masewerawa monga Picasso, Willem de Koonig ndi Cy Twombly adapanga ntchito zomwe zinali zolimbikitsa kwambiri komanso zokongola kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osamveka, mayendedwe othamanga, ndipo nthawi zina mawu, matupi ndi nkhope, ojambulawa ndi mayendedwe awo akupitiriza kulimbikitsa osonkhanitsa ndi ojambula mofanana. Aykhan Karadag, pamodzi ndi Carlo Armen ndi Jeff Seyferd, adakopera zojambula za Picasso kapena kusakaniza masitayelo ake olimba mtima komanso onyada ndi awo. Wojambula wa ku Parisian Maison Matemose ndiwojambula bwino kwambiri komanso wojambula zithunzi, mofanana ndi wojambula waku Korea Gong Greem, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yowala ngati Kandinsky. Ojambula monga Servadio ndi Rita Salt amagawananso mzere wamtundu wolemera wotengedwa kuchokera ku chiyambi cha kufotokozera ndi kumasulira. Ntchito yawo nthawi zambiri imakhala yophiphiritsa, koma ndiko kukongola kwa ntchito yowonetsera: nthawi zonse imalimbikitsidwa ndi umunthu ndi kalembedwe ka wojambula.

Zojambula za ku Japan ndi ku China zakhudza zaluso zowonera padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zambiri. Pokhapokha m'gululi pali masitayelo osiyanasiyana. Mizere ya Calligraphic nthawi zambiri imawoneka yokongola komanso yodziwikiratu, koma mwanjira ina imawonetsera bwino mutu womwe wasankhidwa. Wojambula tattoo Nadia amatsamira pa sitayilo iyi, pogwiritsa ntchito masikelo osiyanasiyana ndi zojambula zojambulidwa kuti apange ntchito yake. Irezumi, inde, idakhudzanso kwambiri kujambula zithunzi. Zojambula zaku Japan izi makamaka zidakoka kukongola kwawo kuchokera ku zojambula za ukiyo-e za nthawi ya Edo. Mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe osalala, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka muzosindikizazi. Ngakhale pano, mapangidwe ambiri a ku Japan amakhala ndi autilaini yakuda yosalala, ngati kuti wojambulayo adajambula cholembera pakhungu. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo, ndipo nthawi zina mtundu, ndondomekoyi ndi yofunika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zojambulazo zikhale zomveka bwino komanso zimakhala ndi pigment. Njira zowonetsera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kukongola kokha, pali zifukwa zomwe ojambula a tattoo amagwira ntchito motere. Ndi zojambulajambula za ku Japan zokhala ndi ma chrysanthemums, ma kimono okongola, kapena mamba angapo a chinjoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta ndi autilaini yayikulu. Ojambula ena omwe akugwira ntchito yojambula zithunzizi ndi Chris Garver, Henning Jorgensen, Ami James, Mike Rubendall, Sergei Buslaev, Lupo Horiokami, Rion, Brindi, Luca Ortiz, Dancin ndi Wendy Pham.

Mukangoyang'ana ku Irezumi, mutha kuwona chikoka cha Neo Traditional, mtundu wina wa ma tattoo owonetsera. Sizikulimbikitsidwa kokha ndi zojambula zofanana za Ukiyo-e Irezumi, komanso ndi Art Nouveau ndi Art Deco styles. Makamaka, kalembedwe ka Art Nouveau kudakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chilengedwe ku Japan monga lingaliro, komanso mizere yokhota bwino yofotokozera mafelemu, nkhope, ndi zomera. Art Nouveau inali yokongola komanso yokongola kwambiri kuposa zaluso zambiri za ku Japan zomwe zidauzira, koma mutha kuwona kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawonekedwe, filigree, ndi zokongoletsera mu ntchito ya ojambula zithunzi Hannah Flowers, Abiti Juliet, ndi Anthony Flemming. Ena mwa ojambulawa amapitilira mawonekedwe a ma tattoo kuti aziwoneka okongola kwambiri, monga Aimee Cornwell, komabe mumatha kuwona kuwonekera kwa akatswiri ojambula a art nouveau. Ena mwa akatswiri aluso monga Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt ndi Aubrey Beardsley; zojambula zambiri za ntchito yawo zidapangidwa ndi inki.

Neo-traditional si njira yokhayo yowonetsera ma tattoo yotengera Irezumi ndi Ukiyo-e. Makanema aku Japan, okhala ndi mbiri yakeyake, akhala akudziwika kwambiri kutsidya kwa nyanja kudzera kumayiko akumadzulo, ma dubs, ndi maukonde omwe ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito anime pakupanga mapulogalamu awo. Toonami, yomwe idawonekera koyamba ngati chipika chamasana ndi madzulo pa Cartoon Network, yawonetsa ziwonetsero monga Dragon Ball Z, Sailor Moon, Outlaw Star, ndi Gundam Wing. Zinachitikanso chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa masitudiyo aluso kwambiri ngati Studio Ghibli. Ngakhale pano, akatswiri ambiri a ma tattoo amafunsidwa kuti atengere zilembo za anime ndi manga, makamaka mu mtundu wa tattoo wa New School. Mitundu yowonetsera ma tattoo imaphatikizapo osati nthabwala zaku Japan zokha, komanso nthabwala zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zolemba zazithunzi. Odziwika bwino kwambiri odabwitsa akhala okonda zaposachedwa, ndipo kuyambira zaka za m'ma 90, ma tattoo a Disney okhala ndi anthu omwe amawakonda kapena zowonera zakhala zikuchitika pakati pa otolera. Ndi zophweka kuona chifukwa chake; Ma tattoo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu afotokoze zomwe amakonda…anime, manga, nthabwala, ndi Pstrong amakonda kukhala ndi ena mwa mafani omwe amakonda kupaka khungu lawo. Makanema ambiri ndi makanema amakopeka koyamba… ndipo ngakhale makanema ambiri ndi mabuku amapangidwa pakompyuta masiku ano, mizere ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito yomwe ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a tattoo.

Njira ina yowonetsera ma tattoo ndi Chicano. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ntchito zambiri zamtundu uwu zimakhala zowonetsera ndizochita ndi mphamvu zake komanso chiyambi chake. Poganizira momwe adayambira pa kujambula kwa pensulo ndi ballpoint, sizodabwitsa kuti mwamalembedwe, zojambulazo zimaphatikiza njirazi ndi chikhalidwe cholemera kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadziwa bwino ntchito ya Frida Kahlo ndi Diego Rivera, ojambula ena monga Yesu Helguera, Maria Izquierdo ndi David Alfaro Siqueiros akhalanso patsogolo pakupanga zojambulajambula za ku Mexico. Ntchito yawo, pamodzi ndi akatswiri ena a ku South America, makamaka ankasonyeza mikangano ya ndale, mabanja, ndi mafanizo a moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo pake, njira zamakono zamakono zidatulukira zomwe zidakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi moyo wandende. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zochepa zomwe anali nazo m'ndende kapena m'mabwalo omwe ali ndi malo a Los Angeles, ojambulawo adakoka chilimbikitso kuchokera ku zomwe adakumana nazo m'moyo wawo, monganso luso lawo akale. Zithunzi zamagulu a zigawenga, akazi okongola, magalimoto owoneka bwino okhala ndi zilembo zowoneka bwino komanso mitanda yachikatolika zidasintha mwachangu kuchokera ku zithunzi zojambulidwa pamanja monga cholembera chokongoletsedwa ndi mipango ndi zofunda zotchedwa Paños kukhala zojambula zofanizira. Akaidiwo anagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kupanga makina odzilemba mphini, pogwiritsa ntchito inki yakuda kapena yabuluu yokhayo, kufotokoza zimene ankadziwa bwino kwambiri. Chuco Moreno, Freddy Negrete, Chui Quintanar ndi Tamara Santibanez ali patsogolo pa kujambula kwamakono kwa Chicano.

Monga mukuonera, tattoo yowonetsera imaphatikizapo masitayelo osiyanasiyana, zikhalidwe, nkhani ndi malingaliro. Kukongola kwa mtundu uwu wa tattoo ndikuti kumangoyimira kugwiritsa ntchito mzere; ngati tattooyo ikuwoneka ngati ingajambulidwe papepala m'malo mwa khungu, mwina ndi fanizo. Zoonadi, zojambula zina zimakhala ndi mafanizo ochulukirapo kuposa ena, koma maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha masitayelo, luso la wojambula ndi lalikulu ... chirichonse chokhudza kalembedwe kameneka kameneka ndi kolimbikitsa komanso kofunikira pazithunzi za zojambulajambula.

By Justin Morrow