"The Goldfinch" ndi Fabricius: chithunzi cha katswiri woiwalika

"Iye (Fabricius) anali wophunzira wa Rembrandt ndi mphunzitsi wa Vermeer ...

Mawu ochokera kwa Donna Tartt's The Goldfinch (2013)

Asanayambe kufalitsa buku la Donna Tartt, anthu ochepa ankadziwa wojambula ngati Fabricius (1622-1654). Ndipo kwambiri chojambula chake chaching'ono "Goldfinch" (33 x 23 cm).

Koma chinali chifukwa cha wolemba kuti dziko linakumbukira mbuyeyo. Ndipo anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi zojambula zake.

Fabricius ankakhala ku Netherlands m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. AT Golden Age ya Dutch Painting. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anali waluso kwambiri.

Koma anamuiwala. Otsutsa zaluso awa amawona kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa zojambulajambula ndi fumbi zomwe zimawombedwa kuchokera ku Goldfinch. Ndipo anthu wamba, ngakhale okonda zojambulajambula, sadziwa zambiri za iye.

N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zinachitika? Ndipo chapadera ndi chiyani pa "Goldfinch" yaying'ono iyi?

Kodi zachilendo "Goldfinch"

Mphesa ya mbalame imamangiriridwa ku khoma lopepuka, lopanda kanthu. Goldfinch imakhala pamwamba pa bar. Iye ndi mbalame yakuthengo. Unyolo umamangiriridwa pazanja zake, zomwe sizilola kuti zinyamuke bwino.

Goldfinches anali chiweto chokondedwa kwambiri ku Holland m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Popeza ankatha kuphunzitsidwa kumwa madzi, omwe ankawatolera ndi kapu kakang’ono. Izo zinasangalatsa makamu otopa.

"Goldfinch" ya Fabricius ndi ya otchedwa zojambula zabodza. Iwo anali otchuka kwambiri panthawiyo ku Holland. Zinalinso zosangalatsa kwa eni chithunzicho. Gometsani alendo anu ndi mawonekedwe a 3D.

Koma mosiyana ndi zina zambiri za nthawiyo, ntchito ya Fabricius ili ndi kusiyana kumodzi kwakukulu.

Yang'anani kwambiri mbalameyo. Kodi chachilendo chake ndi chiyani?

Zikwapu zotakata, zosasamala. Zikuwoneka kuti sizinakokedwe mokwanira, zomwe zimapanga chinyengo cha nthenga.

M'malo ena, utoto umakutidwa pang'ono ndi chala, ndipo palibe mawanga a utoto wa lilac pamutu ndi pachifuwa. Zonsezi zimapanga zotsatira za defocusing.

Ndi iko komwe, akuti mbalameyo ili ndi moyo, ndipo pazifukwa zina Fabricius anaganiza zongoilemba mosaganizira. Monga ngati mbalame ikuyenda, ndipo kuchokera apa chithunzicho chimapaka pang'ono. Bwanji osatero chidwi?

Koma sanadziwe za kamera komanso za zotsatira za chithunzichi. Komabe, wojambulayo adawona kuti izi zipangitsa chithunzicho kukhala chamoyo.

Izi zimasiyanitsa kwambiri Fabritius ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake. Makamaka omwe amakhazikika pazachinyengo. Iwo, m'malo mwake, anali otsimikiza kuti zenizeni zimatanthauza zomveka.

Yang'anani chinyengo chodziwika bwino cha wojambula Van Hoogstraten.

Ngati tiyang'ana chithunzicho, kumveka bwino kumakhalabe. Zikwapu zonse zimabisika, zinthu zonse zimalembedwa mochenjera komanso mosamala kwambiri.

Kodi Fabricius ndi wotani?

Fabricius adaphunzira ku Amsterdam ndi Rembrandt 3 zaka. Koma mwamsanga anakulitsa kalembedwe kake kake.

Ngati Rembrandt ankakonda kulemba kuwala pa mdima, ndiye Fabricius utoto mdima pa kuwala. "Goldfinch" pankhaniyi ndi chithunzi cha iye.

Kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira kumawonekera kwambiri pazithunzi, zomwe Fabricius sanali wocheperapo kwa Rembrandt.

Kumanzere: Karel Fabricius. Kudzijambula. 1654 National Gallery ku London. Kumanja: Rembrandt. Kudzijambula. 1669 Ibid.

Rembrandt sanakonde usana. Ndipo adalenga dziko lake lomwe, lopangidwa kuchokera ku kuwala kwa surreal, zamatsenga. Fabricius anakana kulemba motere, akukonda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndipo anachipanganso mwaluso kwambiri. Tangoyang'anani pa Goldfinch.

Mfundo imeneyi imalankhula zambiri. Kupatula apo, mukamaphunzira kuchokera kwa mbuye wamkulu, wodziwika ndi aliyense (ngakhale atazindikira), mumakhala ndi chiyeso chachikulu chomutengera muzonse.

Anateronso ambiri mwa ophunzirawo. Koma osati Fabricius. "Kukakamira" kwake kumangolankhula za talente yayikulu. Ndipo kufuna kupita kwanu.

Chinsinsi cha Fabritius, chomwe sichimakonda kuyankhula

Ndipo tsopano ndikuwuzani zomwe otsutsa zaluso sakonda kuyankhula.

Mwina chinsinsi cha mphamvu zodabwitsa za mbalameyi chagona pa mfundo yakuti Fabricius anali ... wojambula zithunzi. Inde, wojambula zithunzi wazaka za zana la XNUMX!

Monga ndalembera kale, Fabricius analemba carduelis m'njira yachilendo kwambiri. Wowona zenizeni angawonetse chilichonse momveka bwino: nthenga iliyonse, diso lililonse.

Chifukwa chiyani wojambula amawonjezera chithunzi ngati chithunzi chomwe chili ndi mdima pang'ono?

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Ndinamvetsetsa chifukwa chake adachitira izi nditawona Vermeer wa Tim Jenison wa 2013 Tim.

Katswiri ndi woyambitsa anavumbula njira ya Jan Vermeer. Ndinalemba za izi mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yonena za wojambula "Jan Vermeer. Kodi wapadera wa mbuye ndi chiyani.

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Koma zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa Vermeer zimagwira ntchito kwa Fabricius. Ndipotu, nthawi ina anasamuka ku Amsterdam kupita ku Delft! Mzinda umene Vermeer ankakhala. Mwachidziwikire, womalizayo adaphunzitsa ngwazi yathu zotsatirazi.

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Wojambula amatenga lens ndikuyiyika kumbuyo kwake kuti chinthu chomwe akufuna chiwonekere mmenemo.

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Wojambulayo mwiniwakeyo, paulendo wokhazikika, amajambula chithunzithunzi mu lens ndi galasi ndikugwira galasi ili patsogolo pake (pakati pa maso ake ndi nsalu).

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Amanyamula mtundu mofanana pa galasi, ntchito malire pakati pa m'mphepete mwake ndi chinsalu. Mtunduwo ukangosankhidwa momveka bwino, ndiye kuti zowoneka malire pakati pa chiwonetsero ndi chinsalu chimatha.

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Kenako galasi limayenda pang'ono ndipo mtundu wa gawo lina laling'ono limasankhidwa. Chifukwa chake ma nuances onse adasamutsidwa komanso kufooketsa, zomwe zimatheka pogwira ntchito ndi magalasi.

Ndipotu, Fabricius anali ... wojambula zithunzi. Anasamutsa kuwonetsera kwa lens ku canvas. Sanasankhe mitundu. Sindinasankhe mafomu. Koma mwaluso anagwira ntchito ndi zida!

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Otsutsa zaluso sakonda lingaliro ili. Pambuyo pake, zanenedwa zambiri za mtundu wowala (omwe wojambulayo sanasankhe), za fano lopangidwa (ngakhale kuti chithunzichi ndi chenicheni, chofotokozedwa bwino, ngati chithunzi). Palibe amene akufuna kubweza mawu awo.

Komabe, si onse amene amakayikira mfundo imeneyi.

Wojambula wotchuka wamasiku ano David Hockney alinso wotsimikiza kuti ambuye ambiri achi Dutch adagwiritsa ntchito magalasi. Ndipo Jan Van Eyck adalemba "The Arnolfini Couple" motere. Komanso Vermeer ndi Fabricius.

Koma izi sizimasokoneza luso lawo. Kupatula apo, njira iyi imaphatikizapo kusankha kolemba. Ndipo muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi utoto mwaluso. Ndipo si aliyense angathe kusonyeza matsenga a kuwala.

Imfa yomvetsa chisoni ya Fabricius

Fabricius anamwalira momvetsa chisoni ali ndi zaka 32. Izi zidachitika pazifukwa zomwe sangathe kuzilamulira.

Zikachitika mwadzidzidzi, mzinda uliwonse wa Dutch unali ndi sitolo yamfuti. Mu October 1654, panachitika ngozi. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu iyi yaphulika. Ndipo limodzi ndi ilo, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mzinda.

Fabricius panthawiyi anali akugwira ntchito yojambula mu studio yake. Zambiri mwa ntchito zake zina zinaliponso. Anali adakali wamng'ono, ndipo ntchitoyo sinagulitsidwe mwachangu.

Ntchito 10 zokha zinapulumuka, monga momwe zinalili panthawiyo m'magulu achinsinsi. Kuphatikizapo "Goldfinch".

Ngati sizinali za imfa yadzidzidzi, ndikukhulupirira kuti Fabricius akanapeza zinthu zambiri zopenta. Mwina akanafulumizitsa chitukuko cha luso. Kapena mwina zikanapita mosiyana. Koma sizinaphule kanthu...

Ndipo Fabritius 'Goldfinch sanaberedwe ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, monga momwe tafotokozera m'buku la Donna Tartt. Imapachikidwa bwino m'chipinda chapamwamba cha The Hague. Pafupi ndi ntchito za Rembrandt ndi Vermeer.

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