"Tsiku Lomaliza la Pompeii" Bryullov. Chifukwa chiyani ili ndi luso lapamwamba?

Mawu akuti "Tsiku Lomaliza la Pompeii" amadziwika kwa aliyense. Chifukwa imfa ya mzinda wakale umenewu inaimiridwapo ndi Karl Bryullov (1799-1852)

Moti wojambulayo adapambana modabwitsa. Choyamba ku Ulaya. Ndi iko komwe, iye anajambula chithunzicho ku Roma. Anthu aku Italiya adadzaza mozungulira hotelo yake kuti akhale ndi mwayi wopatsa moni wanzeruyo. Walter Scott anakhala pachithunzichi kwa maola angapo, akudabwa kwambiri.

Ndipo zimene zinkachitika ku Russia n’zovuta kuziganizira. Kupatula apo, Bryullov adapanga chinthu chomwe chidakweza kutchuka kwa utoto waku Russia nthawi yomweyo mpaka kutalika kosayerekezeka!

Khamu la anthu linapita kukayang’ana chithunzicho usana ndi usiku. Bryullov anapatsidwa mwayi womvetsera yekha ndi Nicholas I. Dzina loti "Charlemagne" linali lokhazikika kumbuyo kwake.

Alexandre Benois yekha, wolemba mbiri wodziwika bwino wazaka za m'ma 19 ndi 20, adayesa kutsutsa Pompeii. Komanso, adadzudzula moyipa kwambiri: "Kuchita bwino ... Kupenta pazokonda zonse ... Kukweza kwa zisudzo ... Zotsatira zogoba ...".

Nanga nchiyani chomwe chinakhudza kwambiri anthu ambiri ndi kumukwiyitsa kwambiri Benoit? Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira.

Kodi Bryullov anapeza kuti chiwembucho?

Mu 1828, Briullov wamng'ono ankakhala ndi kugwira ntchito ku Rome. Izi zitangotsala pang’ono kuchitika, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anayamba kukumba mizinda itatu imene inafera phulusa la Vesuvius. Inde, analipo atatu. Pompeii, Herculaneum ndi Stabiae.

Kwa ku Ulaya, ichi chinali chodabwitsa chotulukira. Ndithudi, zimenezi zisanachitike, moyo wa Aroma akale unkadziwika ndi maumboni ochepa chabe. Ndipo nayi mizinda yofikira 3 yomwe idakhalapo kwa zaka mazana 18! Ndi nyumba zonse, ma frescoes, akachisi ndi zimbudzi za anthu onse.

Inde, Bryullov sakanakhoza kudutsa chochitika choterocho. Ndipo anapita ku malo ofukula. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, Pompeii inali yabwino kwambiri. Wojambulayo adadabwa kwambiri ndi zomwe adawona kotero kuti nthawi yomweyo adayamba kugwira ntchito.

Anagwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri. 5 zaka. Nthawi zambiri ankathera kusonkhanitsa zipangizo, zojambula. Ntchito yokhayo inatenga miyezi 9.

Bryullov - zolemba

Ngakhale kuti "zisudzo" zonse zomwe Benois amalankhula, pali choonadi chochuluka mu chithunzi cha Bryullov.

Malo ochitirapo kanthu sanapangidwe ndi mbuye. Pali msewu woterewu pachipata cha Herculaneus ku Pompeii. Ndipo mabwinja a kachisi ndi masitepe akadali pamenepo.

Ndipo wojambulayo anaphunzira yekha mabwinja a akufa. Ndipo anapeza ena mwa ngwazi ku Pompeii. Mwachitsanzo, mkazi wakufa akukumbatira ana ake aakazi aŵiri.

M'misewu ina, mawilo a ngolo ndi zokongoletsa zomwazika zinapezeka. Choncho Bryullov anali ndi lingaliro kufotokoza imfa ya wolemekezeka Pompeian.

Iye anayesa kuthaŵa ali m’galeta, koma chivomezi chinagwetsa mwala pamalo owalamo, ndipo gudumulo linathamangira mmenemo. Bryullov akuwonetsa nthawi yowopsa kwambiri. Mkaziyo anagwa m’galeta nafa. Ndipo mwana wake, wopulumuka pambuyo pa kugwa, amalira pa thupi la amayi.

Pakati pa mafupa opezeka, Bryullov adawonanso wansembe wachikunja yemwe anayesa kutenga chuma chake.

Pansaluyo, anamusonyeza atagwira mwamphamvu mikhalidwe ya miyambo yachikunja. Zapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, choncho wansembe anatenga izo. Iye saoneka bwino pomuyerekezera ndi mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wachikhristu.

Tingamuzindikire ndi mtanda pa chifuwa chake. Molimba mtima amayang’ana Vesuvius wokwiya. Ngati muyang'ana pamodzi, n'zoonekeratu kuti Bryullov amatsutsa makamaka Chikhristu ku chikunja, osati mokomera womaliza.

"Molondola" nyumba zomwe zili pachithunzichi zikugwanso. Akatswiri ofufuza za kuphulika kwa mapiri amanena kuti Bryullov anawonetsa chivomezi cha 8 mfundo. Ndipo odalirika kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe nyumba zimaphwanyika pakagwedezeka mwamphamvu.

Kuunikira kwa Bryullov kumaganiziridwanso bwino kwambiri. Chiphalaphala cha Vesuvius chimaunikira kumbuyo kwambiri, ndipo chimakwirira nyumbazo ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri moti zikuoneka kuti zikuyaka moto.

Pamenepa, kutsogolo kumawunikiridwa ndi kuwala koyera kuchokera ku kuwala kwa mphezi. Kusiyanitsa uku kumapangitsa danga kukhala lakuya kwambiri. Ndipo kukhulupirira nthawi yomweyo.

Bryullov, wotsogolera zisudzo

Koma m’chifaniziro cha anthu, kukhulupirika kumathera. Apa Bryullov, ndithudi, ali kutali ndi zenizeni.

Kodi tingaone chiyani ngati Bryullov anali wowona kwambiri? Padzakhala chipwirikiti ndi pandemonium.

Sitikanakhala ndi mwayi woganizira munthu aliyense. Tinkawawona akufanana ndi kuyamba: miyendo, mikono, ena amagona pamwamba pa ena. Akadakhala atayipitsidwa kale ndi mwaye ndi dothi. Ndipo nkhopezo zikananjenjemera ndi mantha.

Ndipo tikuwona chiyani mu Bryullov? Magulu a ngwazi amakonzedwa kuti tiwone aliyense wa iwo. Ngakhale ayang’anizana ndi imfa, iwo ali okongola mwaumulungu.

Winawake akugwira bwino kavalo woweta. Wina amaphimba mutu wake ndi mbale. Winawake wagwira wokondedwa wake mokongola.

Inde, ndi zokongola, ngati milungu. Ngakhale pamene maso awo ali odzaza ndi misozi chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwa imfa yoyandikira.

Koma si zonse zimene Briullov ndi idealized kotero kuti. Tikuwona munthu m'modzi akuyesera kugwira makobidi akugwa. Kukhalabe zazing'ono ngakhale panthawi ino.

Inde, uku ndikuchita zisudzo. Ili ndi tsoka, lokongola kwambiri. Pa izi Benoit anali kulondola. Koma ndichifukwa cha zisudzo izi kuti sititembenuka ndi mantha.

Wojambula amatipatsa mwayi womvera chisoni anthuwa, koma osakhulupirira kwambiri kuti mumphindi adzafa.

Iyi ndi nthano yokongola kuposa zenizeni zenizeni. Ndizokongola modabwitsa. Ziribe kanthu momwe zingamvekere mwano.

Munthu mu "Tsiku Lomaliza la Pompeii"

Zomwe Briullov adakumana nazo zitha kuwonekanso pachithunzichi. Mutha kuwona kuti onse otchulidwa pachinsalucho ali ndi nkhope imodzi. 

Pa zaka zosiyana, ndi mawu osiyana, koma mkazi yemweyo - Wowerengeka Yulia Samoilova, chikondi cha moyo wa wojambula Bryullov.

Monga umboni wa kufanana, munthu akhoza kufanizitsa heroines ndi chithunzi cha Samoilova, amenenso amapachikidwa mu Russian Museum.

Anakumana ku Italy. Tinapitanso limodzi ku mabwinja a Pompeii. Ndipo chikondi chawo chinapitilira kwanthawi yayitali kwa zaka 16. Ubale wawo unali waulere: ndiko kuti, iye ndi iye analola kunyamulidwa ndi ena.

Bryullov anakwanitsa kukwatira panthawi imeneyi. Chowonadi chinatha msanga, pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo paukwatiwo adaphunzira chinsinsi chowopsya cha mkazi wake watsopano. Wokondedwa wake anali bambo ake omwe, omwe ankafuna kukhalabe mu udindo uwu m'tsogolomu.

Pambuyo chodabwitsa chotero, Samoilova yekha anatonthoza wojambula.

Iwo analekana kwamuyaya mu 1845, pamene Samoilova anaganiza kukwatira wokongola kwambiri opera woimba. Chimwemwe cha banja lake sichinakhalitsenso. Chaka chotsatira, mwamuna wake anamwalira ndi kumwa.

Anakwatiwa ndi Samoilova kachitatu kokha ndi cholinga chobwezeretsanso mutu wa Countess, womwe anataya chifukwa cha ukwati wake ndi woimbayo. Moyo wake wonse ankalipira ndalama zambiri zosamalira mwamuna wake, osati kukhala naye. Chotero, iye anafa mu umphaŵi wadzaoneni.

Mwa anthu amene analipo kwenikweni pa chinsalu, mukhoza kuona Bryullov yekha. Komanso mu udindo wa wojambula yemwe amaphimba mutu wake ndi bokosi la maburashi ndi utoto.

Fotokozerani mwachidule. Chifukwa chiyani “Tsiku Lomaliza la Pompeii” ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri

“Tsiku Lomaliza la Pompeii” ndi lochititsa chidwi m’mbali zonse. Chinsalu chachikulu - 3 ndi 6 mita. Anthu ambiri otchulidwa. Zambiri zomwe mungaphunzire za chikhalidwe cha Roma chakale.

"Tsiku Lomaliza la Pompeii" ndi nkhani yonena za tsoka, yofotokozedwa mokongola komanso mogwira mtima. Otchulidwa adasewera mbali zawo ndikusiya. Zotsatira zapadera ndizopamwamba kwambiri. Kuwalako ndi kodabwitsa. Ndi zisudzo, koma akatswiri kwambiri zisudzo.

Pazojambula zaku Russia, palibe amene adatha kujambula zoopsa ngati izi. Pazojambula zakumadzulo, "Pompeii" ingafanane ndi "Raft of the Medusa" ndi Géricault.

Ndipo ngakhale Bryullov sanathenso kudziposa yekha. Pambuyo "Pompeii" iye sanathe kulenga mwaluso ofanana. Ngakhale adzakhala ndi moyo zaka 19 ...

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