Zithunzi za Raphael. Abwenzi, okonda, othandizira

Raphael anakhalako m’nthaŵi imene zithunzi za nkhope zonse zinali zitangowonekera kumene ku Italy. Pafupifupi zaka 20-30 izi zisanachitike, anthu okhala ku Florence kapena Rome adawonetsedwa mwambiri. Kapena wogulayo adawonetsedwa atagwada pamaso pa woyera mtima. Chithunzi chamtunduwu chimatchedwa chithunzi cha donor. Ngakhale m'mbuyomu, chithunzi ngati chamtundu sichinalipo konse.

Kumpoto kwa Ulaya, zithunzi zoyamba, kuphatikizapo nkhope zonse, zinawonekera zaka 50. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti ku Italy fano la munthu mmodzi silinalandilidwe kwa nthawi yaitali. Popeza chinali chizindikiro cha kulekana ndi timu. Komabe chikhumbo chofuna kudzipititsa patsogolo chinali champhamvu.

Raphael adadzipha yekha. Ndipo anathandiza bwenzi lake, wokondedwa, woyang'anira wamkulu ndi ena ambiri kukhalabe zaka zambiri.

1. Kudzijambula. 1506

Kudzijambula nokha kungathe kufotokozera zambiri za khalidwe la wojambula. Kumbukirani momwe mitundu yowala Raphael ankakonda. Koma iye anadziwonetsera yekha mwaulemu atavala zakuda. Ndi malaya oyera okha omwe amatuluka pansi pa caftan yakuda. Izi zikunena momveka bwino za kudzichepetsa kwake. Za kupanda kudzikuza ndi kudzikuza. Umu ndi mmene anthu a m’nthawi yake amamufotokozera.

Vasari, wolemba mbiri ya anthu Renaissance masters analongosola Raphael motere: “Chilengedwecho chinam’patsa kudzichepetsa ndi kukoma mtima kumene nthaŵi zina kumachitika mwa anthu amene amaphatikiza mkhalidwe wofewa kwambiri ndi wachifundo . . .

Anali wokoma m’maonekedwe ake. Anali a ukoma. Ndi munthu wotereyo yekha amene amatha kujambula Madonna okongola kwambiri. Ngati akufuna kutsindika kuti mkazi ndi wokongola mu moyo ndi thupi, ndiye nthawi zambiri amati "wokongola, ngati Madonna Raphael".

Werengani za zithunzi zokongolazi m'nkhaniyi. Madonnas a Raphael. 5 nkhope zokongola kwambiri.

2. Agnolo Doni ndi Maddalena Strozzi. 1506

Agnolo Doni anali wamalonda wolemera wa ubweya wochokera ku Florence. Iye anali wodziwa zaluso. Rafael paukwati wake, adalamula chithunzi chake ndi chithunzi cha mkazi wake wamng'ono.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, Leonardo da Vinci ankakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Florence. Zithunzi zake zidamukhudza kwambiri Raphael. Ndi pazithunzi zaukwati za banja la Doni pomwe chikoka champhamvu cha da Vinci chimamveka. Maddalena Strozzi akukumbukira Mona Lisa.

Kutembenuka komweko. Manja omwewo apinda. Leonardo da Vinci yekha ndiye adapanga madzulo pachithunzichi. Raphael, kumbali ina, anakhalabe wokhulupirika ku mitundu yowala ndi malo mu mzimu wa mphunzitsi wake. Chililabombwe.

Vasari, yemwe anakhalapo m’nthawi ya Raphael ndi Agnolo Doni, analemba kuti womalizayo anali munthu wankhanza. Chinthu chokha chimene sanasiye ndalama chinali luso. Mwinamwake anayenera kufota. Rafael ankadziwa kufunika kwake ndipo ankafuna ntchito yake mokwanira.

Mlandu umodzi umadziwika. Raphael atamaliza kuyitanitsa ma frescoes angapo m'nyumba ya Agostino Chigi. Malinga ndi mgwirizanowo, adayenera kulipidwa 500 ecu. Atamaliza ntchitoyo, wojambulayo adapempha ndalama zowirikiza kawiri. Wogulayo adasokonezeka.

Anafunsa Michelangelo kuti awone zojambulazo ndikupereka malingaliro ake otumiza kunja. Kodi zojambulazo ndizofunika kwambiri monga momwe Raphael akufunsa. Chigi adadalira thandizo la Michelangelo. Ndipotu, iye sankakonda ojambula ena. Raphael anaphatikizansopo.

Michelangelo sakanatha kutsogoleredwa ndi chidani. Ndipo anayamikira ntchitoyo. Poloza chala chake pamutu wa sibyl (wolosera), ananena kuti mutu uwu wokha unali wofunika 100 ecu. Ena onse, m'malingaliro ake, sali oipitsitsa.

3. Chithunzi cha Papa Julius Wachiwiri. 1511

Papa Julius Wachiwiri adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pantchito ya Raphael. Analowa m’malo mwa Papa Alexander VI, Borgia. Anali wotchuka chifukwa cha khalidwe lake lotayirira, kuwononga zinthu komanso kukonda anzawo. Mpaka pano, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chimaona kuti ulamuliro wake unali watsoka m’mbiri ya apapa.

Julius II anali wosiyana ndendende ndi m'malo mwake. Ngakhale kuti anali wamphamvu ndiponso wofuna kutchuka, sanayambitse nsanje kapena chidani. Popeza zisankho zake zonse zidapangidwa poganizira zofuna za anthu wamba. Sanagwiritse ntchito mphamvu kuti apeze phindu. anawonjezeranso chuma cha Mpingo. Anawononga kwambiri luso. Chifukwa cha iye, akatswiri ojambula bwino kwambiri panthawiyo ankagwira ntchito ku Vatican. Kuphatikizapo Raphael ndi Michelangelo.

Anapatsa Raphael kuti azijambula maholo angapo a ku Vatican. Anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi luso la Raphael kotero kuti adalamula kuti zojambula za ambuye am'mbuyomu ziyeretsedwe m'zipinda zina zingapo. Kwa ntchito ya Raphael.

Inde, Raphael sakanachitira mwina koma kujambula chithunzi cha Papa Julius II. Pamaso pathu pali munthu wokalamba kwambiri. Komabe, maso ake sanataye kuuma kwawo ndi kukhulupirika kwawo. Anthu a m'nthawi ya Raphael anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chithunzichi moti anthu amene ankadutsa pafupi naye ankanjenjemera ngati akuona munthu wamoyo.

4. Chithunzi cha Baldassare Castiglione. 1514-1515

Raphael anali munthu wokonda kucheza naye. Mosiyana ndi ojambula ena ambiri, kudzipatula sikunakhalepo khalidwe la iye. Moyo wotseguka. Mtima wokoma mtima. N’zosadabwitsa kuti anali ndi anzake ambiri.

Ena mwa iwo adawafotokozera m'chithunzicho. Ndi Baldassare Castiglione, wojambulayo anabadwira ndikukulira mumzinda womwewo wa Urbino. Iwo anakumananso ku Roma mu 1512. Castiglione anafika kumeneko monga kazembe wa Duke wa Urbino ku Rome (panthawi imeneyo, pafupifupi mzinda uliwonse unali wosiyana boma: Urbino, Rome, Florence).

Palibe chilichonse kuchokera ku Perugino ndi da Vinci pachithunzichi. Rafael adapanga kalembedwe kake. Pamtundu wakuda wakuda, chithunzi chowoneka bwino kwambiri. Maso osangalala kwambiri. Pose, zovala zimanena zambiri za mawonekedwe a chithunzicho.

Castiglione anali kazembe weniweni. Wodekha, woganizira. Sanakweze mawu ake. Sizopanda pake kuti Raphael amamuwonetsa mu imvi-yakuda. Izi ndi mitundu yanzeru yomwe imakhala yosalowerera m'dziko lomwe mitundu yowala imapikisana. Ameneyo anali Castiglione. Iye anali mkhalapakati waluso pakati pa zotsutsana.

Castiglione sankakonda kukongola kwakunja. Choncho zovala zake n’zaulemu, koma osati zonyezimira. Palibe zambiri. Palibe silika kapena satin. Ndi nthenga yaing'ono chabe mu beret.

M'buku lake "On the Courtier" Castiglione analemba kuti chinthu chachikulu kwa munthu wolemekezeka ndi muyeso mu chirichonse. "Munthu ayenera kukhala wodzichepetsa kwambiri kuposa momwe malo ake amachitira."

Ndi ulemu wodzichepetsa uwu wa nthumwi yowala Renaissance ndipo adatha kudutsa Rafael.

5. Donna Velata. 1515-1516

Chithunzi cha Donna Velata chikujambulidwa mofanana ndi chithunzi cha Castiglione. Pachimake cha luso. Kwenikweni chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri lisanalembedwe Sistine Madonna. Nkovuta kulingalira mkazi wapadziko lapansi wamoyo, wokhutiritsa ndi wokongola kwambiri.

Komabe, sizikudziwikabe kuti ndi mkazi wamtundu wanji yemwe akujambulidwa pachithunzichi. Ndikufuna kuganizira mozama Mabaibulo awiri.

Ichi chikhoza kukhala chithunzi chophatikiza cha kukongola kosakhalako. Ndipotu, Raphael adalenga zithunzi za wotchuka wake Madonna. Monga momwe iye mwini analembera bwenzi lake Baldassara Castiglione, “akazi okongola ali oŵerengeka monga oweruza abwino.” Choncho, amakakamizika kulemba osati kuchokera ku chilengedwe, koma kulingalira nkhope yokongola. Kungouziridwa ndi amayi omwe ali pafupi naye.

Wachiwiri, wachikondi kwambiri akuti Donna Velata anali wokondedwa wa Raphael. N’kutheka kuti Vasari analemba za chithunzichi kuti: “Mkazi amene ankamukonda kwambiri mpaka imfa yake, yemwe anajambula naye chithunzi chokongola kwambiri moti analipo, ngati wamoyo.”

Zambiri zimanena kuti mkaziyu anali pafupi naye. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti Raphael alemba zambiri chimodzi mwazithunzi zake patapita zaka zingapo. M'malo omwewo. Ndi zodzikongoletsera zomwezo za ngale mu tsitsi lake. Koma pachifuwa chopanda kanthu. Ndipo monga momwe zinakhalira panthawi yobwezeretsa mu 1999, ndi mphete yaukwati pa chala chake. Ilo lajambulidwa kwa zaka mazana angapo.

Chifukwa chiyani mphete idapentidwa? Kodi zikutanthauza kuti Rafael anakwatira mtsikana ameneyu? Fufuzani mayankho m’nkhaniyo Fornarina Raphael. Nkhani ya chikondi ndi ukwati wachinsinsi”.

Raphael sanapange zithunzi zambiri. Anakhala moyo wochepa kwambiri. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 37, pa tsiku lake lobadwa. Tsoka ilo, moyo wa akatswiri nthawi zambiri umakhala waufupi.

Werenganinso za Raphael m'nkhaniyi Raphael Madonnas: 5 Nkhope Zokongola Kwambiri.

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