Chithunzi cha Dostoevsky. Kodi wapadera wa fano la Vasily Perov ndi chiyani?

Poganizira za Fyodor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881), choyamba timakumbukira chithunzi chake ndi Vasily Perov. Zithunzi zambiri za wolemba zasungidwa. Koma tikukumbukira chithunzi chokongola ichi.

Chinsinsi cha wojambula ndi chiyani? Kodi mlengi wa Troika adakwanitsa bwanji kujambula chithunzi chapadera chotere? Tiyeni tiganizire.

Zithunzi za Perov

Makhalidwe a Perov ndi osaiwalika komanso omveka bwino. Wojambulayo adachitanso zonyansa. Anakulitsa mutu wake, nakulitsa mawonekedwe a nkhope yake. Kotero kuti nthawi yomweyo ziwonekere: dziko lauzimu la khalidwe ndi losauka.

Ndipo ngati ngwazi zake zidavutika, ndiye kuti modabwitsa. Kotero palibe mwayi umodzi wosamvera chisoni. 

Wojambulayo, ngati Wanderer weniweni, ankakonda choonadi. Ngati tiwonetsa zoyipa za munthu, ndiye kuti ndi chilungamo chopanda chifundo. Ngati ana akuvutika kale kwinakwake, ndiye kuti simuyenera kufewetsa nkhonya kwa mtima wokoma mtima wa owonerera.

Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti Tretyakov anasankha Perov, wokonda kwambiri choonadi, kujambula chithunzi cha Dostoevsky. Ndinkadziwa kuti alemba zoona komanso zoona zokhazokha. 

Perov ndi Tretyakov

Pavel Tretyakov yekha anali choncho. Iye ankakonda kunena zoona pojambula. Ananena kuti agula chojambula ngakhale chokhala ndi matope wamba. Akadakhala zoona. Kawirikawiri, matope a Savrasov sanali chabe m'gulu lake, koma panalibe malo abwino a akatswiri a maphunziro.

Inde, philanthropist ankakonda ntchito Perov ndipo nthawi zambiri ankagula zojambula zake. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70 za m'ma XIX, adatembenukira kwa iye ndi pempho lojambula zithunzi zingapo za anthu akuluakulu a ku Russia. kuphatikizapo Dostoevsky. 

Fedor Dostoevsky

Fedor Mikhailovich anali pachiwopsezo ndi tcheru munthu. Kale ali ndi zaka 24, kutchuka kunabwera kwa iye. Belinsky mwiniwake adayamika nkhani yake yoyamba "Anthu Osauka"! Kwa olemba a nthawiyo, ichi chinali chipambano chodabwitsa.

Koma momasuka momwemo, wotsutsayo adadzudzula ntchito yake yotsatira, The Double. Kuyambira wopambana mpaka wolephera. Kwa mnyamata wosatetezeka, zinali zosapiririka. Koma analimbikira ndipo anapitiriza kulemba.

Komabe, pasanapite nthawi yaitali, anakumana ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana.

Dostoevsky anamangidwa chifukwa chochita nawo gulu losintha zinthu. Anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe, yomwe pa mphindi yomaliza inasinthidwa ndi ntchito yolemetsa. Tangoganizirani zimene anakumana nazo! Sanzikana ndi moyo, ndiye kuti mupeze chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo.

Koma palibe amene analetsa ntchito yolemetsa. Anadutsa ku Siberia m'matangadza kwa zaka 4. Zowona, zidakhumudwitsa psyche. Kwa zaka zambiri sindinkatha kusiya kutchova njuga. Wolembayo nayenso anali ndi khunyu. Anadwalanso matenda a bronchitis pafupipafupi. Kenako adalandira ngongole kuchokera kwa mchimwene wake womwalirayo: adabisala kwa angongole kwa zaka zingapo.

Moyo unayamba kuyenda bwino atakwatiwa ndi Anna Snitkina.

Anamuzungulira wolembayo mosamala. Ndinatenga kasamalidwe ka ndalama m’banjamo. Ndipo Dostoevsky anagwira ntchito modekha pa buku lake lakuti The Possessed. Inali nthawi imeneyi pamene Vasily Perov anamupeza ndi katundu woteroyo.

Kugwira ntchito pachithunzi

Wojambulayo anayang'ana pa nkhope. Maonekedwe osagwirizana okhala ndi mawanga otuwa-buluu, otupa m'maso ndi ma cheekbones otchulidwa. Mavuto onse ndi matenda zinamukhudza. 

Wolembayo wavala thumba, jekete lonyezimira lopangidwa ndi nsalu zotsika mtengo mumtundu wapakati. Sangathe kubisa chifuwa chamira ndi mapewa akuwerama a munthu wozunzika ndi matenda. Akuwonekanso kuti akutiuza kuti dziko lonse la Dostoevsky lakhazikika pamenepo, mkati. Zochitika zakunja ndi zinthu sizikudetsa nkhawa kwenikweni kwa iye.

Manja a Fedor Mikhailovich nawonso ndi owona kwambiri. Mitsempha yotupa yomwe imatiuza za kupsinjika kwamkati. 

Zoonadi, Perov sanakopeke ndi kukongoletsa maonekedwe ake. Koma iye anafotokoza maonekedwe achilendo a wolembayo, akuyang'ana, titero, mkati mwake. Manja ake amawoloka pa mawondo ake, zomwe zimatsindikanso kudzipatula ndi kuganizira. 

Pambuyo pake mkazi wa wolembayo ananena kuti wojambulayo anatha kufotokoza maonekedwe a Dostoevsky. Ndipotu, iye kangapo anamupeza mu udindo uwu pamene ntchito pa buku. Inde, “Ziwanda” sizinali zophweka kwa wolemba.

Dostoevsky ndi Khristu

Perov anachita chidwi kuti wolemba amayesetsa kunena zoona ponena za dziko lauzimu la munthu. 

Ndipo koposa zonse, iye anatha kufotokoza umunthu wa munthu wofooka mzimu. Amagwa m’kuthedwa nzeru koipitsitsa, ali wokonzeka kupirira kuchititsidwa manyazi, kapena angakhale wokhoza kuchita upandu chifukwa cha kutaya mtima kumeneku. Koma muzithunzi zamaganizo za wolembayo palibe kutsutsidwa, koma kuvomereza. 

Ndipotu, kwa Dostoevsky fano lalikulu linali nthawizonse Khristu. Iye ankakonda ndi kuvomereza aliyense wonyozedwa. Ndipo mwina sizinali zopanda pake kuti Perov adawonetsa wolemba wofanana ndi Khristu Kramskoy ...

Sindikudziwa ngati izi zidangochitika mwangozi. Kramskoy ndi Perov adagwira ntchito pazithunzi zawo nthawi imodzi ndikuziwonetsa kwa anthu mchaka chomwecho. Mulimonsemo, kuphatikizika kotere kwa zithunzi kumamveka bwino.

Pomaliza

Chithunzi cha Dostoevsky ndi chowona. Monga momwe Perov ankakonda. Monga anafunira Tretyakov. Ndipo zomwe Dostoevsky adagwirizana nazo.

Palibe chithunzi chimodzi chomwe chingafotokoze zamkati mwamunthu mwanjira yotere. Ndikokwanira kuyang'ana chithunzi ichi cha wolemba yemweyo wa 1872.

Apa tikuwonanso kuyang'ana kwakukulu ndi kolingalira kwa wolemba. Koma ambiri, chithunzi sikokwanira kwa ife, amene amanena za munthuyo. Kuyimirira kwambiri, ngati kuti pali chotchinga pakati pathu. Pamene Perov adatha kutidziwitsa ife tokha kwa wolemba. Ndipo zokambiranazo ndi zowona komanso ... moona mtima.

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Ngati njira yanga yowonetsera ili pafupi ndi inu ndipo mukufuna kuphunzira kujambula, nditha kukutumizirani maphunziro aulere pamakalata. Kuti muchite izi, lembani fomu yosavuta pa ulalowu.

Comments owerenga ena Onani pansipa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kuwonjezera pa nkhani. Mukhozanso kugawana maganizo anu ponena za kujambula ndi wojambula, komanso kufunsa wolemba funso.

Kodi mwapeza typo/zolakwika m'mawu? Chonde ndilembeni: oxana.kopenkina@arts-dnevnik.ru.

Maphunziro a Art pa intaneti 

Maulalo ku zokopera:

V. Perov. Chithunzi cha Dostoevsky: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/portret-fm-dostoevskogo-1821-1881

V. Perov. Woyang'anira: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/dvornik-otdayushchiy-kvartiru-baryne

V. Perov. Troika: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/troyka-ucheniki-masterovye-vezut-vodu

A. Savrasov. Msewu wa dziko: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/proselok/