Prado Museum. Zithunzi 7 zoyenera kuziwona

Ndinayamba kudziwana ndi Prado Museum ndi buku la mphatso. Kalelo, intaneti ya mawaya inali maloto chabe, ndipo zinali zowona kwambiri kuwona ntchito za akatswiri ojambula m'mawonekedwe osindikizidwa.

Kenako ndinaphunzira kuti Prado Museum amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo ndi imodzi mwa makumi awiri omwe adayendera.

Ndinali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chochiyendera, ngakhale kuti panthaŵiyo ulendo wopita ku Spain unkawoneka ngati chinthu chosatheka (ndinayenda ndi masitima okha, ngakhale kuti kuyenda kwa masiku aŵiri kuchokera mumzinda wina kupita ku wina! ).

Komabe, patatha zaka 4 nditagula buku la nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndinaziwona ndi maso anga.

Inde, sindinakhumudwe. Ndinachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zolemba za Velasquez, Rubens, Bosch и Goya. Kawirikawiri, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi ili ndi chinachake chokondweretsa munthu wokonda kujambula.

Ndikufuna kugawana zanga zazing'ono zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri.

1.Francisco Goya. Milkmaid wochokera ku Bordeaux. 1825-1827

Goya anajambula chithunzi "The Milkmaid ku Bordeaux" mu zaka zotsiriza za moyo wake, pamene iye anali kale mu France. Chithunzicho ndi chachisoni, chaching'ono komanso nthawi yomweyo chogwirizana, chachidule. Kwa ine, chithunzichi ndi chofanana ndi kumvetsera nyimbo yosangalatsa komanso yowala, koma yachisoni.

Chithunzicho chinajambulidwa mumayendedwe a impressionism, ngakhale kuti zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zidzapita patsogolo pake. Ntchito ya Goya inakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a luso la Amuna и Renoir.

2. Diego Velasquez. Meninas. 1656

"Las Meninas" lolemba Velasquez ndi chimodzi mwazojambula zochepa zamabanja zopangidwa mwamakonda, panthawi yomwe adapanga zomwe palibe amene adaletsa wojambulayo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndizosazolowereka komanso zosangalatsa. Zikanakhoza kokha kuchita monga chonchi Francisco Goya: Patapita zaka 150 anajambula chithunzi cha banja lina lachifumu, komanso kudzipatsa ufulu, ngakhale wamtundu wina.

Ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chili chosangalatsa pachithunzichi? Omwe akuganiziridwawo ali kuseri kwazithunzi (banja lachifumu) ndipo akuwonetsedwa pagalasi. Tikuwona zomwe akuwona: Velasquez adawajambula, malo ake ogwirira ntchito komanso mwana wake wamkazi ndi adzakazi, omwe amatchedwa mameninas.

Tsatanetsatane wosangalatsa: mulibe ma chandeliers m'chipindamo (zingwe zopachika). Zikuoneka kuti wojambula ntchito kokha masana. Ndipo madzulo anali otanganidwa ndi nkhani za khoti, zomwe zinamusokoneza kwambiri pa kujambula.

Werengani za mwaluso m’nkhaniyo Las Meninas wolemba Velazquez. Za chithunzi chokhala ndi pansi pawiri ".

3. Claude Lorrain. Kunyamuka kwa Saint Paula ku Ostia. 1639-1640 Hall 2.

Ndinakumana koyamba ndi Lorrain mu ... nyumba yalendi. Panapachika chojambula cha wojambula malo. Ngakhale iye anafotokoza momwe wojambulayo ankadziwira kufotokoza kuwala. Lorrain, mwa njira, ndiye wojambula woyamba yemwe adaphunzira bwino kuwala ndi kusinthika kwake.

Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti, ngakhale kuti kupenta kwa malo mu nthawi ya Baroque kunali kosavomerezeka, Lorrain anali mbuye wotchuka komanso wodziwika panthawi ya moyo wake.

4. Peter Paul Rubens. Chiweruzo cha Paris. 1638 Chipinda 29

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Prado ili ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri za ntchito za Rubens (ntchito 78!). Ntchito zake zaubusa ndizosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo zimapangidwira makamaka kuti zisangalatse kulingalira.

Kuchokera kumalingaliro okongoletsa, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa wina aliyense mwa ntchito za Rubens. Komabe, ndimakonda kwambiri chithunzi cha "Chiweruzo cha Paris", chifukwa cha nthano yokhayo, chiwembu chomwe chinawonetsedwa ndi wojambula - kusankha kwa "mkazi wokongola kwambiri" kunatsogolera ku Trojan War.

Werengani za luso lina la mbuye m'nkhaniyi Mkango Hunt ndi Rubens. Kutengeka, mphamvu ndi mwanaalirenji pachithunzi chimodzi».

5. El Greco. Nthano. 1580 chipinda 8b.

Ngakhale kuti El Greco ili ndi zinsalu zodziwika bwino, penti iyi imandichititsa chidwi kwambiri. Sizofanana kwenikweni kwa wojambula, yemwe nthawi zambiri ankajambula pamitu ya m'Baibulo yokhala ndi matupi aatali ndi nkhope za anthu omwe akuwonetsedwa (wojambula, mwa njira, amawoneka ngati ngwazi za zojambula zake - zowonda zomwezo ndi nkhope yayitali).

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ichi ndi chojambula chophiphiritsira. Patsamba lawebusayiti la Prado Museum, lingaliro limayikidwa patsogolo loti mbawala yotuluka kuchokera pakupuma pang'ono kumatanthauza chikhumbo chogonana chowoneka bwino.

6. Hieronymus Bosch. Munda wa Zosangalatsa Zapadziko Lapansi. 1500-1505 Nyumba 56a.

Ngati mukufuna Bosch, Prado Museum ali ndi mndandanda waukulu wa ntchito zake (12 ntchito).

Inde, otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo - Munda wa Zosangalatsa Zapadziko Lapansi. Mutha kuyima patsogolo pa chithunzichi kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, poganizira zambiri zamagulu atatu a triptych.

Bosch, monga ambiri a m'nthawi yake ku Middle Ages, anali munthu wopembedza kwambiri. Nkodabwitsanso kwambiri kuti simungayembekezere maseŵera amalingaliro oterowo kuchokera kwa wojambula wachipembedzo!

Werengani zambiri za zojambulazo m'nkhani: Bosch "Garden of Earthly Delights": tanthauzo la chithunzi chodabwitsa kwambiri cha Middle Ages ndi chiyani?.

7. Robert Campin. Barbara Woyera. 1438 Chipinda 58

Zoonadi ndinadabwa nazo kujambula (ili ndi phiko lamanja la triptych; phiko lakumanzere limasungidwanso ku Prado; gawo lapakati latayika). Zinali zovuta kuti ndikhulupirire kuti m'zaka za zana la 15 adapanga chithunzi chenicheni cha zithunzi. Umu ndi momwe luso, nthawi ndi kuleza mtima zimafunikira!

Tsopano, ndithudi, ndikugwirizana kwathunthu ndi Baibulo la wojambula wachingelezi David Hockney kuti zojambulajambula zoterezi zinajambula pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi ozungulira. Amawonetsera zinthu zowonetsedwa pachinsalu ndikungozungulira mbuyeyo - chifukwa chake zenizeni komanso mwatsatanetsatane.

Kupatula apo, sizopanda pake kuti ntchito ya Campin ndi yofanana ndi ya wojambula wina wotchuka wa ku Flemish, Jan van Eyck, yemwenso anali ndi njira iyi.

Komabe, chithunzichi sichitaya mtengo wake. Kupatula apo, tili ndi chithunzi chojambula cha moyo wa anthu azaka za zana la 15!

Pokhapokha poyika ntchito zomwe ndimakonda za Museum of Prado motsatizana, ndidazindikira kuti kufalikira kwa nthawi kudakhala kwakukulu - zaka 15-19. Izi sizinachitike mwadala, ndinalibe cholinga chowonetsa nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kungoti zojambulajambula zomwe ndizovuta kuziyamikira zidapangidwa nthawi zonse.

***

Comments owerenga ena Onani pansipa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kuwonjezera pa nkhani. Mukhozanso kugawana maganizo anu ponena za kujambula ndi wojambula, komanso kufunsa wolemba funso.