"The Scream" ndi Munch. Za chithunzi chokhudzidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi

Aliyense amadziwa "Kufuula" ndi Edvard Munch (1863-1944). Chikoka chake pa zojambulajambula zamakono zamakono ndizofunika kwambiri. Ndipo, makamaka, mafilimu.

Zokwanira kukumbukira chivundikiro cha kaseti ya kanema ya Home Alone kapena wakupha wovala chigoba kuchokera ku filimu yowopsya Kufuula ya dzina lomwelo. Chithunzi cha cholengedwa chochita mantha ndi imfa ndi chodziwika bwino.

Kodi chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa chithunzicho n'chiyani? Kodi chithunzi cha m'zaka za zana la XNUMX chinatha bwanji "kulowa" m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX? Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chithunzi "Scream"

Chithunzi "Kufuula" chimakondweretsa wowonera wamakono. Tangolingalirani mmene zinalili kwa anthu a m’zaka za zana la XNUMX! N’zoona kuti anam’chitira nkhanza kwambiri. Kuwala kofiira kwa chithunzicho kunafanizidwa ndi mkati mwa nyumba yophera anthu.

Palibe chodabwitsa. Chithunzicho ndi chofotokozera kwambiri. Imakopa malingaliro akuya kwambiri aumunthu. Amadzutsa mantha a kusungulumwa ndi imfa.

Ndipo iyi inali nthawi yomwe William Bouguereau anali wotchuka, yemwe ankafunanso kukopa maganizo. Koma ngakhale m’zochitika zochititsa mantha, iye anasonyeza ngwazi zake kukhala zabwino mwaumulungu. Ngakhale zinali za ochimwa ku gahena.

Muchithunzi cha Munch, mwamtheradi zonse zidatsutsana ndi zomwe amavomereza. Malo opunduka. Zomata, zosungunuka. Palibe mzere umodzi wowongoka, kupatula njanji ya mlatho.

Ndipo munthu wamkulu ndi cholengedwa chachilendo kwambiri. Zofanana ndi mlendo. Zowona, m’zaka za zana la XNUMX, alendo anali asanamvepo. Cholengedwa ichi, monga danga lozungulira icho, chimataya mawonekedwe ake: chimasungunuka ngati kandulo.

Monga ngati dziko ndi ngwazi yake idamizidwa m'madzi. Ndi iko komwe, tikayang’ana munthu pansi pa madzi, chifaniziro chake chimakhalanso chopindika. Ndipo mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi zimakhala zopapatiza kapena zotambasulidwa.

Zindikirani kuti mutu wa munthu woyenda chapatali wafupika kwambiri moti watsala pang’ono kuzimiririka.

Ndipo kulira kumayesa kuthyola madzi awa. Koma simamveka ngati kulira m’makutu. Choncho, m'maloto nthawi zina timafuna kufuula, koma chinachake chopanda pake chimatulukira. Khama limaposa zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri.

Zomangamanga zokha zikuwoneka zenizeni. Okhawo amatiletsa kuti tisagwere m’madzi akuyamwa m’kuiwalika.

Inde, pali chinachake choti musokonezedwe nacho. Ndipo mukaona chithunzi, simudzayiwala.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Scream"

Munch mwiniyo adanena za momwe lingaliro lopanga "Kufuula" lidabwera, ndikupanga kope laukadaulo wake patatha chaka choyambirira.

Panthaŵiyi anaika ntchitoyo m’mafelemu osavuta. Ndipo pansi pake adakhomerera chizindikiro, chomwe adalemba, pansi pazifukwa zomwe zinali zofunika kupanga "Scream".

Zikuoneka kuti nthawi ina anali kuyenda ndi anzake pa mlatho pafupi fjord. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi thambo linafiira. Wojambulayo adachita mantha ndi mantha. Anzake anasamuka. Ndipo anataya mtima osapiririka chifukwa cha zimene anaona. Anafuna kukuwa...

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chake chadzidzidzi motsutsana ndi maziko a thambo lofiira, adaganiza zowonetsera. N’zoona kuti poyamba anapeza ntchito yoteroyo.

Mu chithunzi "Kutaya mtima" Munch anadziwonetsera yekha pa mlatho pa nthawi ya kukwera maganizo zosasangalatsa.

Ndipo patapita miyezi ingapo iye anasintha khalidwe. Nachi chimodzi mwazojambula zajambula.

Koma chithunzicho chinali chowonekera bwino. Komabe, Munch ankakonda kubwereza ziwembu zomwezo mobwerezabwereza. Ndipo pafupifupi zaka 20 pambuyo pake, adapanganso Kufuula kwina.

Malingaliro anga, chithunzichi ndi chokongoletsera kwambiri. Silikhalanso ndi zoopsa zovutitsa. Nkhope yobiriwira monyoza imatsindika kuti chinachake choipa chikuchitika kwa munthu wamkulu. Ndipo thambo lili ngati utawaleza wokhala ndi mitundu yabwino.

Ndiye ndi chodabwitsa chanji chomwe Munch adawona? Kapena kodi thambo lofiira linali nthano chabe?

Ndimakonda kwambiri kumasulira kuti wojambulayo adawona zochitika zachilendo za mitambo ya amayi a ngale. Zimachitika potentha kwambiri pafupi ndi mapiri. Kenako miyala ya ayezi yomwe ili pamwamba kwambiri imayamba kutulutsa kuwala kwa dzuŵa komwe kwalowa m'munsimu.

Choncho mitambo imapakidwa utoto wa pinki, wofiira, wachikasu. Ku Norway, pali zinthu zomwe zimachitika ngati izi. Ndizotheka kuti ndi Munch wake yemwe adawona.

Kodi Scream imafanana ndi Munch?

"Kukuwa" si chithunzi chokha chomwe chimawopsyeza owona. Komabe, Munch anali munthu wokonda kukhumudwa komanso kupsinjika maganizo. Kotero pali ma vampires ndi akupha ambiri muzojambula zake zopanga.

Kumanzere: Vampire. 1893 Munch Museum ku Oslo. Kumanja: Wakupha. 1910 Ibid.

Chithunzi cha munthu wokhala ndi mutu wa chigoba sichinalinso chatsopano kwa Munch. Anali atapenta kale nkhope zomwezo ndi mawonekedwe osavuta. Chaka chapitacho, iwo anaonekera mu chithunzi "Madzulo pa Karl John Street".

Nthawi zambiri, Munch mwadala sanakoke nkhope ndi manja. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti ntchito iliyonse iyenera kuonedwa patali kuti munthu aione bwinobwino. Ndipo pamenepa, ziribe kanthu ngati misomali pamanja imakokedwa.

Mutu wa mlathowo unali pafupi kwambiri ndi Munch. Analenga ntchito zosawerengeka ndi atsikana pa mlatho. Mmodzi wa iwo akusungidwa mu Moscow, mu Pushkin Museum.

Chifukwa chake timapeza zofananira za "The Scream" muzolemba zambiri za Munch. Mukawayang'anitsitsa.

Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule: chifukwa chiyani Kufuula ndi mwaluso

The Scream, ndithudi, ndi zodabwitsa. Kupatula apo, wojambulayo adagwiritsa ntchito njira zotopetsa kwambiri. Zosakaniza zosavuta zamitundu. Mizere yambiri ndi yambiri. Malo oyambirira. Ziwerengero zophweka.

Ndipo zonsezi pamodzi m'njira zosaneneka zimasonyeza zozama za munthu. Mantha ndi kutaya mtima. Kusungulumwa kwakukulu. Chidziwitso chowawa cha tsoka lomwe likubwera. Kudzimva wopanda mphamvu.

Kutengeka kumeneku kumamveka mopyoza kwambiri kotero kuti sizodabwitsa kuti chithunzicho chinapatsidwa zinthu zachinsinsi. Zikuoneka kuti aliyense amene waugwira ali pachiwopsezo cha imfa.

Koma sitidzakhulupirira zachinsinsi. Koma timangovomereza kuti "The Scream" ndi mbambande yeniyeni.

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