Lumbiro la Horatii: chodabwitsa cha Jacques-Louis David ndi chiyani

Davide analibe mwayi woti akhale wotchuka. Anapanga ntchito yomwe inagwedeza zojambulajambula.

Mu 1784, zaka 5 zisanachitike French Revolution, adalenga Horatii Oath. Analembera Mfumu Louis XVI. Koma iye anakhala chizindikiro cha kupanda mantha kwa oukira boma.

Kodi n'chiyani chimamupangitsa kukhala wapadera kwambiri? Nanga n’cifukwa ciani cithunzi ca m’nkhani ya Aroma, amene anakhalako m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX BC, cinali cokondweletsa anthu a m’nthawi ya Davide? Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, n’chifukwa chiyani padziko lapansi pano zimasangalatsa mitima yathu ndi inu?

Chiwembu cha kujambula "Lumbiro la Horatii"

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zithunzi zotere, zambiri zimawonekera pambuyo pophunzira chiwembucho.

Davide anatenga monga maziko a nkhani ya wolemba mbiri wakale wachiroma Titus Livius.

Kamodzi, zaka mazana 25 zisanachitike, mizinda iwiri idapikisana: Roma ndi Alba Longa. Kuukirana kosalekeza kunawafooketsa. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, onse anali ndi mdani wakunja - akunja.

Choncho, olamulira a mizindayo anaganiza zothetsa kunyada kwawo ndipo anagwirizana. Lolani nkhondo ya ankhondo abwino kwambiri asankhe mkangano wawo wautali. Ndipo wopambana adzakhala amene wankhondo wake adzapulumuka pankhondoyo.

Abale atatu a m’banja la Horatii anasankhidwa ku Roma. Kuchokera ku Alba Longa, abale atatu a m'banja la Curiatii. Ndiponso, mabanjawo anali ogwirizana ndi maubale. Ndipo abale anali asuweni kwa wina ndi mzake.

Chotero Davide anafotokoza mmene abale ake a Horace analumbirira atate wawo kuti apambane kapena afe. Ndiponso, chochitika chimenechi sichili m’mbiri ya Titus Livius.

Komabe, ndi chochitika ichi chopezedwa ndi Davide mwiniyo chimene chimasonyeza molondola kwambiri mmene Aroma akale ankaonera dziko. Udindo ku Motherland ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa udindo wa banja. Ntchito ya mkazi ndiyo kumvera, ndipo mwamuna ayenera kumenyana. Udindo wa Wankhondo ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa udindo wa Mwamuna ndi Atate.

Zinalidi. Akazi achiroma akale analibe ufulu wolowerera m’dongosolo limeneli. Ndipo mu chithunzi cha Davide izi zikuwonekera bwino kwambiri.

Amuna a ngwazi. Minofu yawo yonse ndi yolimba. Iwo aimirira ndi okonzeka kumenyana. Lumbiro lawo lopulumutsa Roma likumveka mokweza kwambiri. Ndipo ziribe kanthu kwa iwo kuti ana awo adzasiyidwa opanda atate, akazi opanda amuna, makolo opanda ana awo aamuna.

Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, banjalo lidzatayika, kuluza kwakukulu. Ndipo palibe amene ali wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse. Udindo ku Roma ndi wofunika kwambiri.

Tikuwona azimayi atatu ofooka komanso ovutika omwe amamvetsetsa izi. Koma sangachite kalikonse...

Mayi wa abale akukumbatira adzukulu ake. Amenewa ndi ana a m'modzi mwa anthu ankhondo omwe adayimilira. Mkazi wake amakhala pafupi nafe. Ndipo ndi mlongo wake wa m'modzi mwa abale ... Curiatii.

Choncho, tikukamba za chiwonongeko chomwe chikubwera cha mabanja awiri, osati limodzi. Mkazi uyu adzakhala ndi mbale kapena mwamuna. Ambiri mwina.

Pakatikati tikuwona Camilla, mlongo wa abale a Horatii. Iye ali pachibwenzi ndi mmodzi wa abale Curiatii. Ndipo chisoni chake chilibe malire. Nayenso adzaluza bwenzi lake kapena abale ake. Kapena mwina aliyense.

Koma musaganize kuti abale a Horace ali okonzeka kumenyana, chifukwa ndi ntchitoyo ndipo wina sangamvere bambo ake. Ndipo pansi pamtima amang'ambika ndi chikaiko. Amamvanso chisoni ponena za kulekanitsidwa kosatha kwa amayi awo, mkazi, mlongo wawo. Bambo awo akuwafunsa kuti alumbirire, ndipo iye mwini amadzifunsa kuti: “N’chifukwa chiyani ndikusowa zonsezi? Awa ndi ana anga."

Ayi. Chomvetsa chisoni n’chakuti sichitero. Kupatula apo, tikudziwa kupitiliza kwa nkhaniyi. Chidzawachitikiranso chiyani anthuwa pambuyo pa lumbiro ili ...

Nkhondo idzachitika. Mmodzi yekha wa a Horatii adzapulumuka. Roma akusangalala: adapambana.

Wankhondo akubwerera kwawo. Ndipo akuwona kuti mlongo wake Camilla akulira bwenzi lake lakufa, lomwe linamwalira kuchokera ku banja la Curiatian. Inde, analephera kuletsa misozi yake. Iye ankamukonda iye. Kwa iye, ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa Roma.

Mchimwene wake adakwiya kwambiri: angayerekeze bwanji kuyika chikondi kwa mwamuna kuposa chikondi cha Roma! Ndipo adapha mlongo wake.

Wankhondo adaganiza zoweruza. Koma atate wake, amene mwana wawo wamkazi anali Camilla, analankhula modzitetezera! Amapempha khoti kuti limukhululukire Horace, popeza adayika udindo ku Motherland pamwamba pa chikondi kwa mlongo wake. Ndipo iye anali wolondola kumupha iye...

Inde, nthawi zosiyanasiyana, miyambo yosiyanasiyana. Koma tikatero tidzazindikira kuti pali chinachake chofanana nawo. Pakali pano, ndikulingalira kuti ndione amene Davide anakokerako kudzoza ndi chimene chiri chosiyana cha ntchito yake.

Yemwe adalimbikitsa Jacques Louis David

Davide anasiyanitsa mphamvu zachimuna ndi mzimu wankhondo ndi kufewa kwachikazi ndi chikondi kwa banja.

Kusiyanitsa kolimba kwambiri kumeneku ndi komwe kumachitika mu chithunzicho.

"Theka" lachimuna la chithunzicho limamangidwa pa mizere yowongoka ndi ngodya zakuthwa. Amuna atambasulidwa, malupanga akwezedwa m’mwamba, miyendo yagawanika. Ngakhale mawonedwe ali olunjika, oboola malo.

Ndipo "theka" lachikazi ndi lamadzimadzi komanso losalala. Azimayi amakhala, akutsamira, manja awo amalembedwa m'mizere yozungulira. Iwo ali m'munsi ndipo, titero, ali pansi.

Timawonanso mitundu. Zovala za amuna ndi zowala, akazi amazimiririka.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, danga lozungulira ndi lachikazi komanso ... lachimuna. Matailosi apansi ndi mabwalo okhala ndi mizati yolimba ya Doric. Davide, titero kunena kwake, akugogomezera kuti dzikoli lili pansi pa chifuniro cha mwamuna. Ndipo motsutsana ndi maziko otere, kufooka kwa amayi kumamveka kwambiri. 

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Titian anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kufotokoza zotsutsana mu ntchito zake. Zaka mazana 2,5 Davide asanabwere.

Mbuye wa Renaissance anagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zokongola ndi zonyansa mu zojambula zake ndi Danae wokongola ndi mdzakazi wonyansa.

Inde, sizinali popanda chikoka cha Poussin, yemwe adayambitsa kalembedwe ka classicism kalelo m'zaka za zana la 1,5, zaka mazana XNUMX David asanakwane.

Tikhoza ngakhale kukumana naye asilikali achiroma, omwe mwachiwonekere adauzira Davide ndi maonekedwe awo kuti apange "Lumbiro la Horatii" (m'munsi kumanzere).

Choncho, kalembedwe David amatchedwa neoclassicism. Ndipotu, amamanga zojambula zake pa cholowa chokongola cha Poussin ndi dziko lakale.

Ulosi wa Davide

Choncho Davide anapitiriza ntchito ya Poussin. Koma pakati Poussin ndi David anagona phompho - nthawi Rococo. Ndipo iye anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi neoclassicism.

"Lumbiro la Horatii" linakhala madzi pakati pa maiko awiri: mwamuna ndi mkazi. Dziko lachikondi, zosangalatsa, kukhala kosavuta ndi dziko lamagazi, kubwezera, nkhondo.

Davide anali woyamba kumva kusintha kwa nyengo kukubwera. Ndipo adayika akazi achifundo m'dziko losakhazikika, lokhwima lachimuna.

Izi ndi zomwe zinali mu kujambula pamaso pa "Lumbiro la Horatii". Mizere yowongoka kwambiri komanso yopindika: kukopana ndi kuseka, zachiwembu ndi nkhani zachikondi.

Ndipo izi ndi zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pake: kuwukira, imfa, kuperekedwa, kupha. 

Davide analosera zinthu zimene zidzachitike. Padzakhala nkhondo ndipo padzakhala ovulala. Iye anasonyeza zimenezi pa chitsanzo cha mabanja awiri: Horatii ndi Curiatii. Ndipo patatha zaka 5 kujambula kwa chithunzichi, tsoka loterolo linafika pafupifupi banja lililonse. Revolution ya ku France yayamba.

N’zoona kuti anthu a m’nthawi imeneyo ankadabwa kwambiri. Kodi Davide analenga bwanji ntchito yoteroyo usiku wa kuukira boma? Iwo ankamuona kuti ndi mneneri. Ndipo kujambula kwake kwakhala chizindikiro cha kulimbana kwa ufulu.

Ngakhale poyamba David adalemba kuti ayitanitsa Louis XVI. Koma izi sizinamulepheretse kuvota kuti aphe kasitomala wake.

Inde, mbuyeyo anali kumbali ya kuukira. Koma zimenezo zilibe kanthu. Chojambula chake ndi ulosi wamuyaya. Ziribe kanthu momwe tingayesere, mbiri yakale ndi yozungulira. Ndipo tikuyang’anizana ndi kusankha mobwerezabwereza.

Inde, dziko lathu lino lazindikira kufunika kwa banja. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, posachedwapa tinakumana ndi zoopsa kwambiri za kusankha. Pamene atate atsutsana ndi mwana wake, ndi mbale atsutsana ndi mbale. 

Choncho, chithunzichi chimasangalatsa mitima yathu. Timakumbukirabe zotsatira za chisankho choipa. Ngakhale molingana ndi nkhani za makolo athu. Choncho, mbiri ya banja la Horatii imatikhudza. Ngakhale kuti anthuwa anakhalako zaka 27 zapitazo.

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