Zithunzi za Levitan. 5 zaluso za wojambula-ndakatulo

Amanenedwa kuti Isaac Levitan anali wokhumudwa. Ndipo zojambula zake zikuwonetsa mzimu wodekha komanso wothamanga wa wojambulayo. Ndiye munthu angafotokoze bwanji zojambula zazikuluzikulu zoterezi za mbuye?

Ndipo ngakhale titatenga zojambula zazing'ono kwambiri za Levitan, kodi amatha bwanji kutisungabe chidwi chathu? Ndipotu, alibe chilichonse! Kupatulapo mwina mitengo yochepa yopyapyala ndi madzi okhala ndi thambo pamagawo atatu a chinsalucho.

Amanenanso kuti Levitan adapanga zojambula zanyimbo, zandakatulo. Koma zikutanthauza chiyani? Ndipo kwenikweni, n'chifukwa chiyani malo ake ndi osaiwalika? Ndi mitengo basi, udzu basi...

Lero tikukamba za Levitan, za zochitika zake. Pachitsanzo cha ntchito zake zisanu zapamwamba kwambiri.

Birch Grove. 1885-1889

Dzuwa lachilimwe limasakanikirana bwino ndi zobiriwira, kupanga carpet yachikasu-yoyera-yobiriwira.

Malo osazolowereka kwa ojambula aku Russia. Zachilendo kwambiri. Real impressionism. Kuwala kochuluka kwa dzuwa. Chinyengo cha air flutter. 

Tiyeni tifanizire zojambula zake ndi Kuindzhi's Birch Grove. 

Ku Kuindzhi tikuwona mawonekedwe otsika. Miphikayo ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti sangagwirizane ndi chithunzicho. Kumeneko mzere umapambana - zonse ndi zomveka. Ndipo ngakhale zowoneka bwino pa birch zimafotokozedwa bwino.

Chifukwa chake, chithunzithunzi chambiri cha chilengedwe champhamvu, chodabwitsa chimapangidwa.

Mu Levitan, tikuwona malo okwera, kusakhalapo kwa thambo. Mzere wa zojambulazo sudziwika bwino. Kuwala mu chithunzi chake kumakhala komasuka, kuyika pansi ndi zowunikira zambiri pa udzu ndi mitengo. 

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, wojambulayo "amadula" ma birch ndi chimango. Koma pazifukwa zina. Choyang'ana kwambiri mpaka udzu. Choncho, mitengoyo siinakwanirane kotheratu.

Kwenikweni, Levitan ali ndi mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri a danga. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ake amawoneka tsiku ndi tsiku. Amafuna kusangalala tsiku lililonse. Palibe ulemu wa Kuindzhi mmenemo. Zimangobweretsa chisangalalo chochepa.

Izi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi malo a French Impressionists, omwe amawonetsa kukongola kwa chilengedwe cha tsiku ndi tsiku.

Koma mosasamala kanthu za kufanana, mwa Mlevi wina anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi iwo.

Zikuoneka kuti anajambula chithunzicho mwamsanga, monga mwachizolowezi pakati pa Impressionists. Kwa mphindi 30-60, pamene dzuwa likusewera ndi mphamvu ndi yaikulu mu masamba.

Ndipotu, wojambulayo analemba ntchitoyo kwa nthawi yaitali. Zaka zinayi! Anayamba ntchito mu 1885, kudera la Istra ndi Yerusalemu Watsopano. Ndipo anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1889, kale ku Plyos, mu birch Grove kunja kwa mzinda.

Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti chithunzicho, chojambula m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi nthawi yayitali yopuma, sichinataye kumverera kwa mphindi "pano ndi tsopano".

Inde, Levitan anali ndi chikumbukiro chodabwitsa. Akhoza kubwereranso ku zochitika zakale ndikuwoneka kuti akuzikumbutsanso ndi mphamvu yomweyo. Ndiyeno kuchokera pansi pamtima iye anatigawirako malingaliro ameneŵa.

Golide yophukira. 1889

Autumn Levitan adawunikira mtundu wowala kwambiri. Komanso, mitambo inayera bwino. Koma pang'ono - ndipo mphepo idzawombera mwamsanga masamba ndipo chisanu choyamba chonyowa chidzagwa.

Inde, wojambulayo adatha kutenga nthawi yophukira pachimake cha kukongola kwake.

Koma ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa chithunzi cha Levit kukhala chosaiwalika?

Tiyeni tifanizire ndi ntchito ya Polenov pamutu wa autumn.

Ku Polenov, timawona ma halftones ambiri m'masamba a autumn. Mtundu wa Levitan ndi wonyansa. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri - ndi chowala.

Komanso, Polenov amaika wosanjikiza woonda utoto. Komabe, Levitan amagwiritsa ntchito zikwapu za pasty m'malo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtunduwo ukhale wodzaza.

Ndipo apa tifika ku chinsinsi chachikulu cha chithunzicho. Mtundu wonyezimira, wofunda wa masamba, wowonjezeredwa ndi utoto wandiweyani wa utoto, umasiyana ndi buluu wozizira kwambiri wa mtsinje ndi mlengalenga.

Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri, zomwe Polenov alibe.

Ndi kufotokoza kwanthawi yophukira uku komwe kumatikopa. Levitan ankawoneka kuti amatiwonetsa moyo wa autumn, kutentha ndi kuzizira nthawi yomweyo.

March. 1895

Kumwamba kopanda mitambo. Ndipo pansi pa izo si ndithu woyera matalala, kwambiri kuwala kwa dzuwa pa matabwa pafupi ndi khonde, anabala pansi pa msewu.

Inde, Levitan ndithudi anatha kusonyeza zizindikiro zonse za kusintha kwa nyengo kwayandikira. Komabe yozizira, koma interspersed ndi kasupe.

Tiyerekeze "March" ndi kujambula Konstantin Korovin "Mu Winter". Pa matalala onse, kavalo wokhala ndi nkhuni, nyumba. Koma ndi osiyana chotani nanga!

Mithunzi ya ocher ndi buluu ya Levitan imapangitsa chithunzicho kukhala chachikulu. Korovin ali ndi imvi kwambiri. Ndipo mthunzi wa mpiru wokha wa nkhuni umabweretsa chitsitsimutso.

Korovin ali ndi kavalo wakuda. Inde, ndipo mphuno yachotsedwa kwa ife. Ndipo tsopano tikumva kale mndandanda wopanda malire wa masiku ozizira ozizira ozizira. Ndipo timamva chisangalalo chakufika kwa masika ku Levitan kwambiri.

Koma osati izi zokha zomwe zimapangitsa chithunzi "March" kukhala chosaiwalika.

Chonde dziwani: izo osiyidwa. Komabe, anthu amapezeka mosawoneka. Winawake wangosiya kavalo ndi nkhuni pakhomo patangopita theka la miniti yapitayo, anatsegula chitseko, koma sanatseke. Zikuoneka kuti sanapite nthawi yaitali.

Levitan sankakonda kulemba anthu. Koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimasonyeza kupezeka kwawo kwinakwake pafupi. Mu "March" ngakhale m'lingaliro lenileni. Timawona mapazi otsogolera kuchokera ku kavalo kupita kunkhalango.

Sizodabwitsa kuti Levitan amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. Ngakhale mphunzitsi wake Alexei Savrasov anaumirira kufunika kosiya chizindikiro cha munthu m’malo alionse. Pokhapokha chithunzicho chimakhala chamoyo komanso chokhala ndi mitundu yambiri.

Pachifukwa chimodzi chosavuta: bwato pafupi ndi gombe, nyumba yakutali, kapena nyumba ya mbalame mumtengo ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mayanjano. Ndiye malo akuyamba "kulankhula" za fragility moyo, chitonthozo kunyumba, kusungulumwa kapena mgwirizano ndi chilengedwe. 

Kodi mwawona zizindikiro za kukhalapo kwa munthu mu chithunzi chapita - "Golden Autumn"?

Pa whirlpool. 1892

Izi zisanachitike, tidayang'ana nanu madera akuluakulu a Levitan. Koma analinso ndi ang’onoang’ono ambiri. Kuphatikizapo chithunzi "Pa whirlpool".

Poganizira malo awa a Levitan, n'zosavuta kumva chisoni, chisoni komanso mantha. Ndipo ichi ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, pachithunzichi, kwenikweni, palibe chomwe chimachitika! Kulibe anthu. Osatinso goblin ndi mermaids.

Kodi n'chiyani chimachititsa kuti malowa akhale ochititsa chidwi kwambiri?

Inde, chithunzicho chili ndi mtundu wakuda: thambo lakuda ndi nkhalango yakuda. Koma zonsezi zimakulitsidwa ndi kupangidwa kwapadera.

Njira imapangidwa, yomwe, titero, imapempha wowonera kuyenda m'mbali mwake. Ndipo tsopano mukuyenda kale m'malingaliro pa bolodi losasunthika, kenako pamitengo yoterera kuchokera ku chinyezi, koma palibe chipongwe! Mutha kugwa, koma mwakuya: dziwe ndilofanana.

Koma ngati mutadutsa, ndiye kuti msewuwo ukupita kunkhalango yowirira, yakuda. 

Tiyerekeze "Pa dziwe" ndi kujambula "Forest Distance". Izi zidzatithandiza kumva nkhawa zonse za chithunzi chomwe chikufunsidwa.

Zikuoneka kuti njirayo imatikopanso m’nkhalango komanso pachithunzi chakumanzere. Koma nthawi yomweyo ife tikuyang'ana izo kuchokera kumwamba. Timamva kukoma mtima kwa nkhalangoyi ikuyenda bwino pansi pa thambo. 

Nkhalango muzojambula "Pa dziwe" ndizosiyana kwambiri. Akuwoneka kuti akufuna kukumwetsani ndikusakusiyani. Zonse, nkhawa ...

Ndipo apa chinsinsi china cha Levitan chikuwululidwa, chomwe chimathandiza kupanga malo kukhala ndakatulo. Chithunzi "Pa dziwe" chimayankha funso ili mosavuta.

Nkhawa imatha kuwonetsedwa pamphumi, mothandizidwa ndi munthu wopsinjika maganizo. Koma zili ngati prose. Koma ndakatuloyi idzalankhula zachisoni ndi malingaliro komanso kupanga zithunzi zosavomerezeka.

Chifukwa chake chithunzi cha Levitan ndi chidziwitso chapadera chomwe chimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane wa malowa chimatsogolera kumalingaliro osasangalatsa awa.

Kasupe. Madzi aakulu. 1897

Malo a kujambula "Spring. Madzi Akuluakulu" adadula mizere yamitengo yopyapyala ndi mawonekedwe ake m'madzi. Mtundu ndi pafupifupi monochrome, ndipo tsatanetsatane ndi zochepa.

Ngakhale izi, chithunzicho ndi ndakatulo komanso maganizo.

Apa tikuwona kutha kunena chinthu chachikulu m'mawu angapo, kusewera ntchito yayikulu pazingwe ziwiri, kufotokoza kukongola kwa chikhalidwe chochepa cha Chirasha mothandizidwa ndi mitundu iwiri.

Ndi ambuye aluso kwambiri okha omwe angachite izi. Momwemonso Levitan akanatha. Anaphunzira pansi pa Savrasov. Iye anali woyamba mu zojambula Russian amene sanali mantha kufotokoza zochepa Russian chikhalidwe.

Kotero chinsinsi cha kukongola kwa Levitan "Spring" ndi chiyani?

Zonse ndi zotsutsa. Mitengo yopyapyala, yopyapyala kwambiri - motsutsana ndi zinthu monga kusefukira kwamphamvu kwa mtsinje. Ndipo tsopano pali kumverera kosalekeza kwa nkhawa. Kuphatikiza apo, kumbuyoko, madzi adasefukira m'mashedi angapo.

Koma nthawi yomweyo, mtsinjewu umakhala bata ndipo tsiku lina udzabwereranso, chochitika ichi ndi chozungulira komanso chodziwikiratu. Kuda nkhawa sikumveka.

Izi, ndithudi, si chisangalalo chenicheni cha Birch Grove. Koma osati nkhawa zonse za chithunzi "Pa Pool". Zili ngati sewero la tsiku ndi tsiku la moyo. Pamene mzere wakuda wasinthidwa ndi woyera.

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Kufotokozera mwachidule za Levitan

Levitan sanali wojambula. Inde, ndipo adagwira ntchito pazojambula kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma mofunitsitsa adagwiritsa ntchito zina mwazithunzi za njira iyi, mwachitsanzo, zikwapu zazikulu za pasty.

Levitan nthawi zonse ankafuna kusonyeza china choposa chiyanjano pakati pa kuwala ndi mthunzi. Anapanga ndakatulo zojambulidwa.

Pali zotsatira zochepa zakunja muzojambula zake, koma pali mzimu. Ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, amadzutsa mayanjano mwa owonera ndikulimbikitsa kulingalira.

Ndipo Levitan sanali wamanyazi. Kupatula apo, adapeza bwanji ntchito zazikulu monga "Birch Grove" kapena "Golden Autumn"?

Anali wokhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo ankakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Chotero, iye akanatha kusangalala kosatha ndi kukhala wachisoni kosatha.

Maganizo amenewa anang'ambika pamtima pake - sakanatha kupirira nawo nthawi zonse. Ndipo sizinakhalitse. Wojambulayo sanakhale ndi moyo kuti awone kubadwa kwake kwa 40 masabata angapo ...

Koma sanangosiya malo okongola okha. Ndi chiwonetsero cha moyo wake. Ayi, kwenikweni, miyoyo yathu.

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Comments owerenga ena Onani pansipa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kuwonjezera pa nkhani. Mukhozanso kugawana maganizo anu ponena za kujambula ndi wojambula, komanso kufunsa wolemba funso.