Vrubel a "Chiwanda": chifukwa ndi mwaluso

Mu 2007, ndinapita ku Vrubel Hall kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kuwala kwatsekedwa. Makoma amdima. Mumayandikira "Chiwanda" ndipo ... mumagwera kudziko lina. Dziko lokhalamo zolengedwa zamphamvu ndi zachisoni. Dziko limene thambo lofiirira limasandutsa maluwa akuluakulu kukhala miyala. Ndipo danga lili ngati kaleidoscope, ndipo phokoso la galasi likuganiziridwa. 

Chiwanda chapadera, chokongola, chokongola chimakhala patsogolo panu. 

Ngakhale simukumvetsetsa kujambula, mumamva mphamvu yayikulu ya chinsalu. 

Kodi Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910) adakwanitsa bwanji kupanga ukadaulo uwu? Zonse zokhudzana ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa Russia, kukula kwa galasi, maso aakulu, ndi zina.

Russian Renaissance

Panalibe njira yoti “Chiwanda”cho chikadabadwa kale. Kuti awonekere, pankafunika malo apadera. Russian Renaissance.

Tiyeni tikumbukire mmene zinalili ndi anthu a ku Italy kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX.

Florence anakula bwino. Amalonda ndi osunga ndalama sankangolakalaka ndalama zokha, komanso zosangalatsa zauzimu. Olemba ndakatulo abwino kwambiri, ojambula zithunzi ndi osema anapindula mowolowa manja, ngati akanatha kulenga. 

Kwa nthawi yoyamba m’zaka mazana ambiri anthu akunja, osati matchalitchi, ndiwo anali makasitomala. Ndipo munthu wochokera kugulu lapamwamba safuna kuwona nkhope yosalala, yosasinthika komanso thupi lotsekedwa mwamphamvu. Amafuna kukongola. 

Choncho, Madonnas anakhala munthu ndi wokongola, ndi mapewa anabala ndi chiseled mphuno.

Ojambula a ku Russia adakumananso ndi zomwezi m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX. Mbali ina ya aluntha inayamba kukayikira za umulungu wa Khristu. 

Winawake analankhula mosamala, kusonyeza Mpulumutsi waumunthu. Kotero, Kramskoy ali ndi mwana wa Mulungu wopanda halo, ndi nkhope yonyansa. 

Winawake anali kufunafuna njira yopulumukira mwa kutembenukira ku nthano ndi mafano achikunja, monga Vasnetsov. 

Vrubel adatsata njira yomweyo. Anatenga cholengedwa chongopeka, Chiwanda, nachipatsa mawonekedwe aumunthu. Dziwani kuti palibe satana mu mawonekedwe a nyanga ndi ziboda pachithunzichi. 

Dzina lokha la chinsalu limafotokoza yemwe ali patsogolo pathu. Timaona kukongola poyamba. Masewera othamanga kumbuyo kwa malo osangalatsa. Bwanji osasintha?

Chiwanda chachikazi

Demon Vrubel ndi wapadera. Ndipo sikuti ndi kusowa kwa maso ofiira oyipa ndi mchira. 

Patsogolo pathu pali Anefili, mngelo wakugwa. Iye ndi wa kukula kwakukulu, kotero izo sizikugwirizana ndi chimango cha chithunzicho. 

Zala zake zomangika ndi mapewa ogwa amalankhula za zovuta. Anatopa ndi kuchita zoipa. Sazindikira kukongola komuzungulira, popeza palibe chomwe chimamusangalatsa.

Ndi wamphamvu, koma mphamvuyi ilibe kopita. Udindo wa thupi lamphamvu, lomwe linazizira pansi pa goli la chisokonezo chauzimu, ndi lachilendo kwambiri.

Chonde dziwani: Chiwanda cha Vrubel chili ndi nkhope yachilendo. Maso aakulu, tsitsi lalitali, milomo yodzaza. Ngakhale kuti thupi lake lili ndi minyewa, chinthu chachikazi chimadutsamo. 

Vrubel mwiniwake adanena kuti amalenga dala fano la androgynous. Kupatula apo, mizimu ya amuna ndi akazi imatha kukhala yakuda. Choncho fano lake liyenera kuphatikiza maonekedwe a amuna ndi akazi.

Demon Kaleidoscope

Anthu a m'nthawi ya Vrubel ankakayikira kuti "Chiwanda" chimatanthawuza kujambula. Choncho ntchito yake inalembedwa modabwitsa.

Wojambulayo adagwira ntchito ndi mpeni wapalette (spatula yachitsulo kuchotsa utoto wochuluka), kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzicho pang'onopang'ono. Pamwamba pamakhala ngati kaleidoscope kapena kristalo.

Njira imeneyi anakhwima ndi mbuye kwa nthawi yaitali. Mlongo wake Anna adakumbukira kuti Vrubel anali ndi chidwi chokulitsa makhiristo kumalo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndipo mu unyamata wake anaphunzira ndi wojambula Pavel Chistyakov. Anaphunzitsa kugawa danga m'mphepete, kuyang'ana mawu. Vrubel adatengera njira iyi mwachangu, chifukwa idayenda bwino ndi malingaliro ake.

Mtundu wodabwitsa "Demon"

Vrubel anali wokonda mitundu yodabwitsa. Akhoza kuchita zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zoyera ndi zakuda zokha kuti mupange malingaliro amtundu chifukwa cha mithunzi yochenjera kwambiri ya imvi.

Ndipo mukamakumbukira "Tsiku la Tamara ndi Chiwanda", ndiye kuti zimakokedwa m'malingaliro anu mumtundu.

Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mbuye woteroyo amapanga mtundu wachilendo, wofanana ndi Vasnetsovsky. Mukukumbukira thambo lachilendo mu The Three Princesses? 

Ngakhale Vrubel ali ndi tricolor: buluu - chikasu - wofiira, mithunzi ndi yachilendo. Choncho, n’zosadabwitsa kuti chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma XNUMX kujambula sikunamveke. "Chiwanda" Vrubel amatchedwa wamwano, wopusa.

Koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, m'nthawi yamasiku ano, Vrubel anali atapembedzedwa kale. Chiyambi chotero cha mitundu ndi maonekedwe chinalandiridwa kokha. Ndipo wojambulayo adakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu. Tsopano adafanizidwa ndi "eccentrics" ngati Matisse и Picasso. 

"Chiwanda" ngati kutengeka

Zaka 10 pambuyo pa "Chiwanda Chokhazikika", Vrubel adapanga "Chiwanda Chogonjetsedwa". Ndipo izo zinachitika kuti kumapeto kwa ntchitoyi, wojambulayo adapita ku chipatala cha amisala.

Choncho, amakhulupirira kuti "Chiwanda" chinagonjetsa Vrubel, chinamupangitsa misala. 

sindikuganiza choncho. 

Iye anachita chidwi ndi chithunzichi, ndipo anachikonza. Zimakhala zachilendo kwa wojambula kubwereranso ku fano lomwelo kangapo. 

Choncho, Munch anabwerera "kufuula" patapita zaka 17. 

Claude Monet anajambula matembenuzidwe ambiri a Rouen Cathedral, ndipo Rembrandt anajambula zithunzi zambiri za iye mwini moyo wake wonse. 

Chithunzi chomwechi chimathandiza wojambula kuyika zolemba zowoneka bwino pamndandanda wanthawi. Pakatha zaka zingapo, ndikofunikira kuti mbuye awone zomwe zasintha chifukwa cha zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa.

Ngati titaya zonse zachinsinsi, ndiye kuti "Chiwanda" sichiyenera kuchititsa matenda a Vrubel. Chilichonse ndi prosaic kwambiri. 

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90 za zaka za m'ma XIX, adadwala chindoko. Ndiye panalibe mankhwala, ndi causative wothandizira matenda - wotumbululuka treponema - anachita ntchito yake. 

Mu zaka 10-15 pambuyo matenda, chapakati mantha dongosolo amakhudzidwa odwala. Kukwiya, kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndiyeno delirium ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo. Mitsempha ya optic imakhalanso ndi atrophy. Zonsezi zidachitikira Vrubel. 

Anamwalira mu 1910. Panali zaka 18 kuti penicillin apangidwe.

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