10 ojambula otchuka kwambiri. Kuchokera ku Leonardo da Vinci kupita ku Salvador Dali

Mayina awo ali ngati chizindikiro cha khalidwe. Iwo amadziwika ngakhale kwa iwo omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi dziko la zojambulajambula. Aliyense wa iwo anali chodabwitsa cha nthawi yake.

Wina ali ndi gawo la wotulukira, wina amakopa ndi chinsinsi chake, wina amadabwa ndi zenizeni - zosiyana, koma zapadera.

Ojambula awa akhala chizindikiro cha nthawi, dziko, kalembedwe.

Leonardo da Vinci. Wamkulu ndi wamphamvu.

Ntchito za wojambula uyu, woyambitsa, woyimba, wa anatomist komanso, "munthu wapadziko lonse" amadabwitsabe.

Chifukwa cha zojambula zake, zojambula zapadziko lonse zafika pamlingo watsopano. Anasamukira ku zenizeni, kumvetsetsa malamulo a kawonedwe ndi kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu.

Iye anasonyeza kufanana bwino mu chithunzi "Vitruvian Man". Masiku ano imatengedwa ngati luso laukadaulo komanso ntchito yasayansi.

Ntchito yodziwika kwambiri yaukadaulo - "Mona Lisa".

Apa titha kuwona kupambana kwakukulu kwa Leonardo pakujambula. Sfumato, ndiye kuti, mzere wosawoneka bwino ndi mithunzi yowoneka bwino ngati chifunga. Chifukwa chake chithunzi chamoyo chotero. Ndipo kumverera kuti Mona Lisa watsala pang'ono kuyankhula.

Masiku ano, dzina lachinsinsi la Mona Lisa laphimbidwa mwankhanza ndi ma caricatures ndi ma memes a pa intaneti. Koma zimenezo sizinamupangitse kukhala wokongola kwenikweni.

Werengani za ntchito ya mbuye m'nkhaniyi "Zaluso 5 za Leonardo da Vinci".

Werenganinso za mbuye yemwe adapezeka posachedwa m'nkhaniyi "Mpulumutsi wa Dziko" Leonardo. 5 zambiri zosangalatsa za chithunzi ».

Hieronymus Bosch. Zodabwitsa komanso zachinsinsi.

Anthu theka, theka-mutants, mbalame zazikulu ndi nsomba, zomera zomwe sizinachitikepo ndi unyinji wa ochimwa amaliseche ... Zonsezi zimasakanizidwa ndikulukidwa muzolemba zamitundu yambiri.

Hieronymus Bosch amadziwika kwambiri. Ndipo ntchito yake yotchuka kwambiri ndi triptych "Garden of Earthly Delights".

Palibe wojambula wina yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito zambiri kuti afotokoze malingaliro. Malingaliro otani? Palibe mgwirizano pankhaniyi. Zolemba ndi mabuku zidaperekedwa kwa Bosch, amafunafuna kutanthauzira kwa anthu ake, koma sanabwere ku lingaliro limodzi.

Ku Munda wa Zosangalatsa Zapadziko Lapansi, phiko lakumanja laperekedwa ku Gahena. Apa mbuyeyo anakhazikitsa cholinga chake choopseza wamba komanso ophunzira a m'nthawi imeneyo ndi masomphenya okhumudwitsa omwe amayembekezera imfa. Chabwino ... Bosch adachita bwino. Ngakhale sitikhala omasuka ...

Koma Bosch adasintha pazaka zonse za ntchito yake. Ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wake, ntchito zambirimbiri, zazikuluzikulu zinasinthidwa ndi kuyerekezera kwapafupi kwambiri ndi ngwazi. Kotero iwo sangalowe mu chimango. Imeneyi ndi ntchito ya Kunyamula Mtanda.

Mosasamala kanthu kuti Bosch amawona anthu ake ali kutali kapena pafupi, uthenga wake ndi womwewo. Onetsani zoyipa za anthu. Ndipo fikirani kwa ife. Tithandizeni kupulumutsa miyoyo yathu.

Werengani za mbuye m'nkhaniyi "Zaluso 5 za Hieronymus Bosch".

Raphael. Zochenjera komanso zolimbikitsa.

Woimira wotchuka kwambiri Renaissance amagunda ndi nyimbo zomveka komanso mawu omveka. Kulemba anthu okongola sikovuta monga kuwayika molondola pansalu. Apa mu izi Rafael anali virtuoso.

Mwina palibe mbuye m'modzi padziko lapansi yemwe adakhudza anzake monga momwe Raphael adachitira. Zolemba zake zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda chifundo. Ngwazi zake zidzayendayenda kuchokera zana limodzi kupita ku lina. Ndipo anataya kufunika kwawo kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Mu nthawi ya modernism ndi avant-garde.

Kukumbukira Raphael, choyamba timaganizira za Madonna ake okongola. Pa moyo wake waufupi (zaka 38), adalenga zithunzi 20 ndi fano lake. Ndipo sizinachitikenso.

Wodziwika kwambiri - "Sistine Madonna".  Sitikuwona heroine wowuma wazithunzi, koma mayi wachifundo, wodzaza ndi ulemu ndi chiyero chauzimu.

Tangoonani angelo oipa! Kuwonetseratu kowona kwachibwana kwachibwana, kodzaza ndi chithumwa.

Ntchito yodula kwambiri ya Raphael inali, chodabwitsa, chojambula "Mutu wa Atumwi Achinyamata". Idagulitsidwa ku Sotheby's $ 48 miliyoni.

Wojambula wa ku Italy, yemwe ankakondedwa ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake chifukwa cha kufewa kwake komanso mwachibadwa, ndi wamtengo wapatali lero.

Werengani za mbuye m'nkhaniyi Madonnas a Raphael. 5 nkhope zokongola kwambiri.

Rembrandt. Zenizeni ndi ndakatulo.

Rembrandt adawonetsa dziko momwe lidalili. Popanda zokongoletsera ndi ma varnish. Koma anachita zimenezi mokhudza mtima kwambiri.

Pazinsalu za Rembrandt - kumadzulo, komwe kumawunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa golide, zithunzi zimatuluka. Zokongola mwachibadwa chawo. Awa ndi ngwazi za kujambula kwake "Mkwatibwi wachiyuda".

Tsogolo la wojambula wamkulu wachi Dutch lili ngati bwalo loyambira - kukwera kuchokera kumdima kupita ku chuma ndi kutchuka, kungogwa pansi ndikufa muumphawi.

Anthu a m'nthawi yake sankamumvetsa. Yemwe ankakonda zowoneka bwino zatsiku ndi tsiku zokhala ndi zolemba zokongola, zolembedwa mosamala. Rembrandt analemba maganizo a anthu ndi zochitika, zomwe sizinali zachilendo.

Ndi chozizwitsa chachikulu kuti ntchito zodziwika kwambiri, monga Kubwerera kwa Mwana Wolowerera, zili ku Russia, mu Hermitage. Kumene mungafike kusirira, kumvetsetsa, kumva.

Werengani za chojambula m'nkhaniyi "Kubweranso kwa Mwana Wolowerera" wolemba Rembrandt. Chifukwa chiyani ili ndi luso lapamwamba?

Goya. Zozama komanso molimba mtima.

Goya anayamba ntchito yake ndi chilakolako chaunyamata ndi malingaliro abwino. Anakhalanso wojambula m’khoti ku khoti la ku Spain. Koma posakhalitsa anatopa ndi moyo, kuona umbombo wa dziko, kupusa, chinyengo.

Tangoyang'anani pa gulu lake "Chithunzi cha Royal Family", kumene Goya sanayese ngakhale kusalaza nkhope zopanda kanthu komanso kudzikuza konyansa kwa banja lachifumu.

Goya adapanga zojambula zambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa udindo wake wamba komanso anthu. Ndipo dziko limamudziwa makamaka ngati wojambula wolimba mtima wofunafuna chowonadi.

Ntchito yodabwitsa kwambiri "Saturn wadya mwana wake" ikhoza kukhala umboni.

Uku ndiko kutanthauzira kozizira, kowona mtima kwambiri kwa chiwembu chanthano. Izi ndi zomwe Kronos wopenga amayenera kuwoneka. Yemwe akuwopa kuti angagwe ndi ana ake.

Ivan Aivazovsky. Grandiose ndi wodzipereka kwa nyanja.

Aivazovsky ali moyenerera mu mndandanda wa ojambula otchuka kwambiri. Ake "The Ninth Wave" chodabwitsa pamlingo wake.

Ukulu wa zinthu, kusowa chiyembekezo. Kodi amalinyero ochepa okha angapulumuke chimphepocho? Dzuwa la m’mawa ndi kuwala kwake kofunda likuwoneka kuti likupereka chiyembekezo chosaoneka bwino.

Aivazovsky akhoza kutchedwa wojambula wofunika kwambiri wam'madzi nthawi zonse. Palibe amene analemba zinthu za m’nyanjayi m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Palibe amene wasonyeza nkhondo zambiri zapamadzi ndi kusweka kwa zombo.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Aivazovsky nayenso anali wojambula mafilimu, akuwonetseratu zida za zombo. Ndipo pang'ono wamasomphenya. Zowonadi, funde lachisanu ndi chinayi linalembedwa molakwika - panyanja zazikulu, mafunde samapindika ndi "apron". Koma zosangalatsa kwambiri, Aivazovsky analemba monga choncho.

Werengani za ntchito ya mbuye m'nkhaniyi "Zojambula za Aivazovsky. 7 zaluso zam'madzi, mikango 3 ndi Pushkin".

Claude Monet. Zokongola komanso za airy.

Monet amaonedwa kuti ndi woimira wotchuka kwambiri maganizo. Anali wodzipereka ku kalembedwe kameneka kwa moyo wake wonse. Pamene zilembo zazikulu zili zopepuka komanso zamtundu, mizereyo imasowa ndipo mithunzi imatha kukhala yabuluu.

"Rouen Cathedral" yake imasonyeza momwe chinthu chimasinthira mukachiyang'ana kupyolera mu kuwala kwa dzuwa. Cathedral akunjenjemera, amakhala mu kuwala.

Monet anayesa zambiri ndi sitiroko kuti asafotokoze zambiri za chilengedwe monga momwe amawonera. Ndipo kumeneko n’kumene anaona coonadi. N'chifukwa chiyani kujambula kubwereza malo kapena chinthu?

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, wojambula wakale anajambula munda wake. Titha kuyang'ananso ngodya imodzi yokongola kwambiri m'munda uno mujambula "White Water Lilies". Amasungidwa mkati Pushkin Museum ku Moscow.

Vincent Van Gogh. Wopenga ndi wachifundo.

Iye sanangokangana naye Gauguin ndi kudula khutu lake. Van Gogh ndi wojambula wanzeru, woyamikira pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Iye anali munthu amene sankadziwa mfundo monga "golide tanthauzo" ndi kulolerana. Pamene anali m’busa, anapereka malaya omalizira kwa osauka. Pamene anakhala wojambula, ankagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku, kuiwala za chakudya ndi tulo. Ndicho chifukwa chake mu zaka 10 adalenga cholowa chachikulu kwambiri (zojambula 800 ndi zojambula 2).

Poyamba, zojambula za Van Gogh zinali zachisoni. Mwa iwo, iye anasonyeza chifundo chosaneneka kwa anthu osauka. Ndipo mbambande yake yoyamba inali ntchito yotereyi - "Odya mbatata".

Pa izo tikuwona anthu otopa ndi ntchito zolimba ndi zotopetsa. Anatopa kwambiri moti iwonso anakhala ngati mbatata. Inde, Van Gogh sanali wowona ndipo amakokomeza mawonekedwe a anthu kuti afotokoze zenizeni.

Koma owonerera amakonda Van Gogh chifukwa cha mitundu yake yowala, yoyera. Zithunzi zake zinakhala zokongola atakumana ndi Impressionists. Kuyambira pamenepo, wajambula maluwa ambiri, minda yachilimwe ndi mitengo yamaluwa.

Palibe amene Van Gogh asanafotokoze malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro ake mothandizidwa ndi mtundu. Koma pambuyo pake - ambiri. Kupatula apo, ndiye woyambitsa wamkulu wa onse owonetsa mawu.

Ndizodabwitsanso kuti mbuyeyo, yemwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingamupangitse kudzipha, adalemba ntchito yosangalatsa ngati. "Sunflowers".

Werengani za mbuye m'nkhaniyi "5 Van Gogh zaluso".

Pablo Picasso. Zosiyana ndi kufufuza.

Wodziwika bwino wa womenizer uyu adadziwika osati chifukwa chosintha pafupipafupi ma muses, komanso kusintha pafupipafupi njira zamaluso. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, adalenga ntchito zambiri mu "African style", pamene m'malo mwa nkhope adajambula masks a mafuko achilendo. Ndiye panali cubism, komanso abstractionism ndi surrealism.

Pachimake cha ntchito yake angatchedwe maganizo "Guernica" (onani pamwambapa), wodzipereka kwa mzinda wowonongedwa ndi nkhondo. Chizindikiro cha kuzunzika ndi kuipa.

Anali Picasso yemwe adabwera ndi lingaliro la kuphatikiza nkhope yonse ndi mbiri muzithunzi, kuswa zinthu kukhala ziwerengero zosavuta, kuzisonkhanitsa m'mitundu yodabwitsa.

Anasintha mawonekedwe onse a zaluso zabwino, akulemeretsa ndi malingaliro osintha zinthu. Kodi aliyense akanakhoza bwanji pamaso pa Picasso kujambula chithunzi cha philanthropist wotchuka Ambroise Vollard monga choncho?

Salvador Dali. Zoipitsitsa komanso zopanda chifundo.

Ndindani? Wojambula wamisala, wodabwitsa wa nthawi yake kapena munthu waluso wa PR? Salvador Dali adapanga phokoso lalikulu ndi surrealism yake.

Chojambula chake chodziwika bwino ndi "Kulimbikira kwa Memory", kumene wolemba adayesa kusonyeza kuchoka ku nthawi ya mzere:

Koma panalinso mitu yakuya kwambiri m’ntchito zake, mwachitsanzo, nkhondo ndi chiwonongeko. Analinso okondana kwambiri. Nthawi zina Dali, pofuna kudabwa, ankapita patali.

Nthaŵi ina, pa chimodzi mwa zojambula zake pachiwonetsero, wojambulayo analemba mu inki "Nthawi zina ndimalavulira chithunzi cha amayi anga mosangalala." Pambuyo chinyengo ichi, bambo Dali sanalankhule naye kwa zaka zingapo.

Koma timamukumbukiranso chifukwa cha chikondi chake chosatha kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, mkazi wake Galya. Zitha kuwoneka m'zojambula zake zambiri. Ngakhale mu chifanizo cha Amayi a Mulungu mu kujambula "Madonna wa Port Lligata".

Inde, Dali anali wokhulupirira. Zoona, iye anakhala kale kukhala munthu wokhwima, mchikakamizo cha zochitika za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Dali ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri. Adapanga takisi momwe kumagwa mvula nthawi zonse komanso tuxedo yopatsa chidwi yokhala ndi magalasi amowa olendewera. Zokwanira kuti zikhalebebe m'mbiri ya zojambulajambula.

Tiyeni tifotokozere mwachidule

Panali zikwi za ojambula pa dziko. Koma owerengeka okha ndi omwe adatha kutchuka kotero kuti pafupifupi aliyense wokhala padziko lapansi amawadziwa.

Ena a iwo anakhalako zaka 500 zapitazo, monga Leonardo, Raphael ndi Bosch. Ndipo wina adagwira ntchito m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, monga Picasso ndi Dali.

Nchiyani chimawagwirizanitsa onse? Onse, aliyense mwa njira yawoyawo, anasintha nthawi imene ankakhala. Monga wotsutsa zaluso Alexander Stepanov adanena, wojambula wamba yekha amakhala ndi nthawi yake.

Tikuyembekezera wanzeru wotsatira wa sikelo yomweyo. Mwinamwake iye akuchita kale izo pakali pano. Jeff Koons? Nzosadabwitsa kuti Galu wake Wotentha anaikidwa ku Versailles osati kale kwambiri. Kapena Damien Hirst? Kapena gulu la ojambula awiri a Recycle? Mukuganiza chiyani?..

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