Breast augmentation: chithandizo cha hypotrophy ya m'mawere

TANTHAUZO, ZOLINGA NDI MFUNDO

Hypoplasia wa bere anatsimikiza ndi underdeveloped voliyumu wa bere poyerekezera morphology wa wodwalayo. Zitha kukhala chifukwa chakukula kosakwanira kwa gland panthawi yakutha msinkhu kapena kuchitika kachiwiri ndikuchepa kwamphamvu kwa gland (mimba, kuwonda, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, ndi zina). Kuperewera kwa voliyumu kumatha kulumikizidwanso ndi ptosis (chifuwa "chogwa" chokhala ndi gland, kutambasula khungu, ndi ma areolas otsika kwambiri).

"Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumeneku nthawi zambiri sikudziwika bwino mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo ndi wodwalayo, yemwe amakumana ndi kuukira kwa ukazi wake, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa kudzidalira komanso nthawi zina kukhumudwa kwakukulu, komwe kungafikire zovuta zenizeni. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kulowererako kumafuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa bere, komwe kumawonedwa kuti ndi kochepa kwambiri, kudzera mu kuyika kwa ma prostheses. »

Kuchitapo kanthu kutha kuchitika pazaka zilizonse kuyambira zaka 18. Wodwala wamng'ono nthawi zambiri saganiziridwa kuti ndi woyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Komabe, izi ndizotheka pazovuta kwambiri za hypoplasia kapena pomanganso monga mabere a tubular kapena breast agenesis. Cholinga chokongola ichi sichingapezeke ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo. Ndizochitika zochepa chabe za mawere enieni a agenesis (kusowa kwathunthu kwa chitukuko cha m'mawere) nthawi zina amatha kuyembekezera kukhudzidwa kwa Social Security pambuyo pa chilolezo choyambirira.

Zoyika m'mawere zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano zimakhala ndi chipolopolo ndi zodzaza. Envelopu nthawi zonse imapangidwa ndi silicone elastomer. Kumbali ina, ma prostheses amasiyana ndi zomwe zili, ndiko kuti, muzodzaza mkati mwa chipolopolo. Implant imatengedwa kuti ndi yodzazidwa kale ngati chodzazacho chinaphatikizidwa kufakitale (gel osakaniza ndi / kapena seramu ya thupi). Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumayikidwa ndi wopanga. Mapiritsi opangidwa ndi saline amadzazidwa ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni, yemwe amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa prosthesis pamlingo wina panthawi ya opaleshoni.

M'BADWO WATSOPANO WODZAZIDWA ZIMENE ZINTHU ZOPHUNZITSIRA ZA SILICONE

Ma prostheses ambiri omwe panopa amaikidwa ku France komanso padziko lonse lapansi amadzazidwa ndi gel osakaniza silikoni.

“Ma implants amenewa, omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zopitirira 40, asonyeza kuti alibe vuto lililonse ndipo amatha kusintha kwambiri opaleshoni yamtunduwu chifukwa amakhala ogwirizana kwambiri ndi mabere abwinobwino. Anadutsanso kusintha kwakukulu, makamaka chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kuti akonze zolakwika zomwe anganenedwe nazo. Masiku ano, ma implants onse omwe akupezeka ku France amakwaniritsa miyezo yolondola komanso yokhwima: chizindikiritso cha CE (European Community) + ANSM (National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products) chivomerezo. »

Amakhala ndi gel yofewa ya silikoni yozunguliridwa ndi chigoba chosalowerera madzi, chokhazikika komanso chosinthika cha silicone elastomer chomwe chimatha kukhala chosalala kapena chojambulidwa (chovuta). Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ma implants atsopano, kuwapatsa kudalirika kwakukulu, kumakhudza zipolopolo zonse ndi gel osakaniza:

• zipolopolo, zomwe tsopano zili ndi makoma amphamvu kwambiri, zimalepheretsa gel "kutuluka magazi" (yomwe inali gwero lalikulu la zipolopolo) ndipo imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuvala;

• Ma gel osakaniza a silicone "okhazikika", omwe kusinthasintha kwawo kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kufalikira pakadutsa mchira.

Pamodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kodalirika kumeneku, mbadwo watsopano wa implants wa silicone umadziwikanso ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe alipo pakalipano, kuwalola kuti apangidwe payekha payekha payekha. Chifukwa chake, pafupi ndi ma prostheses apamwamba ozungulira, ma implants a "anatomical" adawonekera, owoneka ngati dontho lamadzi, okwera kapena ocheperako, otambasuka kapena otuluka. Kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kumeneku, kuphatikizapo kusankha kwakukulu kwa mavoliyumu, kumapangitsa kuti pafupifupi "payekha" kusankha kwa ma prostheses kukonzedwa bwino ndikugwirizana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili komanso zomwe akuyembekezera.

MITUNDU ENA YA MA impulanti

Zipolopolo za prostheses nthawi zonse zimapangidwa ndi silicone elastomer, kudzazidwa kumasiyana. Mpaka pano, njira ziwiri zokha zopangira gel osakaniza silikoni zimaloledwa ku France: seramu yakuthupi: awa ndi madzi amchere (omwe amapanga 70% ya thupi la munthu). Ma prostheses awa akhoza kukhala "odzazidwa kale" (ku fakitale) kapena "kupuma" (ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni panthawi ya opaleshoni). Chifukwa cha madzimadzi (osati gelatinous), ali ndi kusasinthasintha kwachilendo, kupanga zambiri zogwira mtima, ngakhale zowoneka "makutu" ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuzunzidwa mwadzidzidzi komanso nthawi zina mofulumira. Hydrogel: Ichi ndiye chinthu chaposachedwa kwambiri chovomerezedwa ndi Afssaps mu 2005. Ndi gelisi yamadzi yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi madzi okhuthala ndi chochokera ku cellulose. Gelisi imeneyi, yomwe imakhala ndi kusasinthasintha kwachilengedwe kuposa saline wamba, imalowetsedwanso ndi thupi pakathyoka nembanemba. Pomaliza, pali ma prostheses omwe chipolopolo cha silicone chimakutidwa ndi polyurethane, chomwe chingathandize kuchepetsa zochitika za zipolopolo.

ASINAMENE ATAlowerera

Malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha anatomical ichi, zokonda ndi zizoloŵezi za dokotala wa opaleshoni, ndi zokhumba zomwe wodwalayo amawafotokozera, njira yothandizira idzagwirizana. Choncho, malo a zipsera, mtundu ndi kukula kwa implants, komanso malo awo pokhudzana ndi minofu zidzakonzedweratu (onani m'munsimu). Kuyezetsa magazi kwa preoperative kudzachitidwa monga momwe adanenera. Wogonetsayo adzapita kukakambirana pasanathe maola 48 kuti opareshoni ichitike. Kuwunika kwa X-ray kwa bere (mammography, ultrasound) kumayikidwa. Ndibwino kuti musiye kusuta kwa mwezi umodzi musanachite opareshoni komanso mwezi umodzi mutachita opaleshoni (fodya akhoza kuchedwetsa kuchira) Musamwe mankhwala omwe ali ndi aspirin kwa masiku khumi opareshoni isanachitike. Mudzafunsidwa kusala kudya (musadye kapena kumwa chilichonse) kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi musanachite.

MTUNDU WA ODWEREZA NDI NJIRA ZOCHITIKA ZIpatala

Mtundu wa anesthesia : Nthawi zambiri izi ndizomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri panthawi yomwe mumagona. Komabe, nthawi zina, "watcheru" opaleshoni (mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo omwe amawonjezeredwa ndi oziziritsa m'mitsempha) angagwiritsidwe ntchito (mogwirizana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ndi opaleshoni). Njira zogonera m'chipatala: kulowererapo nthawi zambiri kumafuna kugonekedwa m'chipatala tsiku limodzi. Kulowa kumapangidwa m'mawa (kapena nthawi zina dzulo) ndipo kutuluka kumaloledwa tsiku lotsatira. Komabe, nthawi zina, kuchitapo kanthu kungakhoze kuchitidwa "pazifukwa zakunja", ndiko kuti, ndi kuchoka tsiku lomwelo pambuyo pa maola angapo akuyang'ana.

WOloweleramo

Dokotala aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito njira yake ndikuigwirizanitsa ndi vuto lililonse kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, titha kusunga mfundo zazikuluzikulu: Zodulidwa pakhungu: pali "njira" zingapo:

• Mpweya wapakhosi wodutsa m'munsi mwa chigawo cha areola kapena dzenje lopingasa mozungulira nsonga ya mabele kuchokera pansi (1 ndi 2);

• kukwapula, ndi kudulidwa pansi pa mkono, m'khwapa (3);

• submammary njira, ndi chocheka mu poyambira pansi pa bere (4). Njira yopangira izi mwachiwonekere imagwirizana ndi komwe kuli zipsera zamtsogolo, zomwe zimabisidwa pamipata kapena m'mapangidwe achilengedwe.

Kuyika kwa ma prostheses

Podutsa muzopangazo, zoyikapo zimatha kulowetsedwa m'matumba opangidwa. Maudindo awiri ndi otheka:

• premuscular, yomwe ma prostheses amakhala kumbuyo kwa gland, kutsogolo kwa minofu ya pectoral;

• retromuscular, momwe ma prostheses amakhala mozama, kumbuyo kwa minofu ya pectoral.

Kusankha pakati pa malo awiriwa, ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zawo, ziyenera kukambidwa ndi dokotala wanu wa opaleshoni. Zochita Zowonjezera Pankhani ya kuphatikizika (kuphulika kwa mabere, kutsika kwa areola) tawona kuti zingakhale zofunika kuchepetsa khungu la bere kuti liwuke ("mastopexy"). Kuchotsa khungu kumeneku kumabweretsa zipsera zazikulu (kuzungulira areola ± vertically). Kukhetsa ndi kuvala Kutengera ndi zizolowezi za dokotala wa opaleshoni, kukhetsa kwakung'ono kungayikidwe. Kachipangizo kameneka kanapangidwa kuti azitulutsa magazi omwe angaunjikane pafupi ndi zida zopangapanga. Kumapeto kwa ntchitoyo, bandeji ya "chitsanzo" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bandeji yotanuka. Malingana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni, njirayo ndi kufunikira kofunikira kutsagana ndi njira zowonjezera, ndondomekoyi imatha kuyambira ola limodzi mpaka maola awiri ndi theka.

ATAlowererapo: KUKHALA KWA NTCHITO

Maphunziro a postoperative nthawi zina amakhala opweteka m'masiku oyambirira, makamaka ndi ma implants akuluakulu a voliyumu komanso makamaka akayikidwa kumbuyo kwa minofu. Ululu mankhwala ndinazolowera kukula kwa ululu adzakhala analamula kwa masiku angapo. Nthawi yabwino, wodwalayo amamva kupsinjika kwambiri. Edema (kutupa), ecchymosis (kupweteka), ndi kuvutika kukweza manja ndizofala kumayambiriro. Bandeji yoyamba imachotsedwa patatha masiku angapo. Kenako amasinthidwa ndi bandeji yopepuka. Ndiye kwa milungu ingapo, kuvala bra usana ndi usiku kungalimbikitse. Nthawi zambiri, sutures ndi mkati ndi absorbable. Apo ayi, adzachotsedwa patatha masiku angapo. Kuchira kuyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kupuma kwamasiku asanu kapena khumi. Ndikoyenera kudikirira mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri kuti muyambirenso masewera.

ZOTSATIRA

Kuti muwone zotsatira zomaliza, nthawi ya miyezi iwiri kapena itatu imafunika. Iyi ndi nthawi yofunikira kuti bere liyambenso kusinthasintha ndikukhazikitsa ma prostheses.

"Opaleshoniyo inalola kukweza mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a chifuwa. Zipsera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosawoneka bwino. Kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ya bere kumakhudza silhouette yonse, kupereka ufulu wochuluka mu zovala. Kuwonjezera pa kusintha kwa thupi kumeneku, kubwezeretsedwa kwa ukazi wonse ndi wathunthu nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa kwambiri pamaganizo. »

Cholinga cha opaleshoniyi ndikuwongolera, osati ungwiro. Ngati zokhumba zanu ndi zenizeni, zotsatira zake ziyenera kukusangalatsani kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwa zotsatira Mosasamala za msinkhu wa ma prostheses (onani m'munsimu) ndipo kupatulapo kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu kolemera, kuchuluka kwa mabere kumakhalabe kokhazikika pakapita nthawi. Komabe, ponena za mawonekedwe ndi "kugwira" kwa bere, bere "lokulitsidwa" lidzagonjetsedwa, monga chifuwa chachibadwa, ku zotsatira za mphamvu yokoka ndi ukalamba pamitengo yosiyana malinga ndi msinkhu ndi ubwino wa chithandizo cha khungu, monga komanso kuchuluka kwa bere. implants.

KUIPA KWA ZOTSATIRA

Nthawi zina zolakwika zimatha kuchitika:

• voliyumu yotsalira ya asymmetry, yosakonzedwa bwino ngakhale ma implants amitundu yosiyanasiyana; • kukhwima kwambiri ndi kusasinthasintha kosakwanira ndi kuyenda (makamaka ndi implants zazikulu);

• maonekedwe ena ochita kupanga, makamaka odwala ochepa kwambiri, omwe amawonekera kwambiri m'mphepete mwa prosthesis, makamaka kumtunda;

• Kukhudzidwa kwa kukhudza kwa implants kumakhala kotheka nthawi zonse, makamaka ndi makulidwe ang'onoang'ono a chivundikiro cha minofu (khungu + mafuta + chitsulo) chophimba prosthesis (makamaka ndi implants zazikulu).

• pakhoza kukhala kuwonjezeka kwa ptosis ya m'mawere, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito implants zazikulu. Ngati simukukhutira, zina mwa zofookazi zikhoza kukonzedwa mwa kukonza opaleshoni pakapita miyezi ingapo.

MAFUNSO ENA

Mimba/Kuyamwitsa

Pambuyo unsembe wa m`mawere prostheses mimba n`zotheka popanda vuto lililonse kwa wodwala kapena mwana, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kudikira osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi alowererepo. Ponena za kuyamwitsa, sikulinso koopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotheka.

Matenda osokoneza bongo

Mapepala ambiri a sayansi yapadziko lonse omwe amachitidwa pamlingo waukulu pamutuwu awonetsa mogwirizana kuti chiopsezo cha matenda osowawa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi implants (makamaka silicone) sichiposa chiwerengero cha akazi.

Dentures ndi khansa

- Mpaka posachedwa, sayansi inanena kuti kuikidwa kwa ma prostheses a m'mawere, kuphatikizapo silicone, sikuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Izi zikadali choncho pamitundu yodziwika bwino ya khansa ya m'mawere (adenocarcinomas, yomwe simachulukirachulukira ndi prosthesis ya m'mawere.

Komabe, pankhani ya kuyezetsa khansa pambuyo pa kuikidwa, kuyezetsa kwachipatala ndi palpation kumatha kuwonongeka, makamaka pankhani ya periprosthetic sheath kapena siliconoma. Mofananamo, kukhalapo kwa implants kungasokoneze ntchito ndi kutanthauzira kwa mammograms, zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse. Choncho, nthawi zonse muyenera kusonyeza kuti muli ndi implants m'mawere. Chifukwa chake, kutengera momwe zilili, njira zina zapadera zama radiological (zoyerekeza zenizeni, zithunzi za digito, ultrasound, MRI, etc.) zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukukayikira za matenda a khansa ya m'mawere, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuti kukhalapo kwa ma prostheses kungafunike kuwunika kovutirapo kuti mupeze chitsimikizo cha matenda.

- Anaplastic big cell lymphoma (ALCL) yolumikizidwa ndi ma implants a m'mawere (ALCL-AIM) ndi mawonekedwe apadera azachipatala omwe posachedwapa adakhalapo payekha. Izi ziyenera kufunidwa pokhapokha ngati pali zizindikiro zachipatala zotsimikiziridwa (kutuluka kwa periprosthetic mobwerezabwereza, mabere ofiira, kukula kwa mabere, kuphulika kwa mawere). Ndiye m'pofunika kuchita zolondola senological kuwunika kumveketsa chikhalidwe cha chotupa. Pafupifupi 90% ya milandu, matendawa amakhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi chithandizo choyenera cha opaleshoni, kuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa prosthesis ndi periprosthetic capsule (total and total capsulectomy). Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya milandu, matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala ndi/kapena ma radiation mu gulu lomwe limagwira ntchito yochizira ma lymphomas.

Moyo wautumiki wa implants

Ngakhale titha kuwona kuti odwala ena amasunga ma implants awo kwazaka makumi angapo popanda kusintha kwakukulu, kuyika kwa ma prostheses a m'mawere sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati chinthu chotsimikizika "kwa moyo wonse". Motero, wodwala amene ali ndi ma implants angayembekezere kuti tsiku lina adzafunika kusintha makinawo kuti akhalebe ndi zotsatira zabwino. Ma implants, zirizonse zomwe zingakhale, zimakhala ndi moyo wosadziwika womwe sungathe kuwerengedwa molondola chifukwa zimadalira chodabwitsa cha kuvala pamlingo wosiyana. Choncho, moyo wautumiki wa implants sungathe kutsimikiziridwa. Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti ma implants a mbadwo watsopano wapita patsogolo kwambiri ponena za mphamvu ndi kudalirika. Kuyambira chaka chakhumi, padzakhala koyenera kudzutsa funso la kusintha ma prostheses pamene kusinthidwa kwa kusasinthika kukuwonekera.

kuyang'ana

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira mayeso olamula dokotala wanu wa opaleshoni kwa milungu ingapo ndiyeno miyezi ingapo mutayikidwa. Pambuyo pake, kukhalapo kwa ma implants sikumaloledwa kuyang'aniridwa ndichipatala nthawi zonse (kuyang'anira amayi ndi kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mawere), ngakhale sikufuna mayeso owonjezera okhudzana ndi kuyang'anira uku. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa madokotala osiyanasiyana kuti muli ndi ma prostheses am'mawere. Kukambirana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki za implants kumalimbikitsidwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse, koma pambali pa izi, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti mubwere kudzakambirana mwamsanga pamene kusintha kwa mawere amodzi kapena onse awiri kumapezeka. kapena pambuyo povulala kwambiri.

ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO MAVUTO

Kukulitsa mabere ndi ma prostheses, ngakhale kumachitidwa pazifukwa zokometsera, komabe ndi njira yeniyeni ya opaleshoni yomwe imabwera ndi zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi njira iliyonse yachipatala, ngakhale zitakhala zochepa bwanji. Kusiyanitsa kuyenera kupangidwa pakati pa zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi opaleshoni ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndi opaleshoni: Pankhani ya opaleshoni, panthawi yolangizidwa yokhudzana ndi kuchitidwa opaleshoni, katswiri wa opaleshoni amadziwitsa wodwalayo za kuopsa kwa opaleshoniyo. Muyenera kudziwa kuti anesthesia, kaya ndi chiyani, imayambitsa zochitika m'thupi zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zosayembekezereka komanso zowongolera mosavuta. Komabe, mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wogonetsa wodwala-resuscitator yemwe amagwira ntchito m'malo opangira opaleshoni, kuopsa kwake kunakhala kochepa kwambiri. Ziyeneradi kukumbukiridwa kuti njira, mankhwala opha ululu, ndi njira zowunikira zapita patsogolo kwambiri pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira, makamaka pamene kuthandizira kuchitidwa kunja kwa chipinda chodzidzimutsa komanso mwa munthu wathanzi; Ponena za opaleshoni ya opaleshoni, posankha dokotala wodziwa bwino komanso wodziwa bwino za opaleshoni ya pulasitiki yophunzitsidwa mumtundu woterewu, mumachepetsa zoopsazi momwe mungathere, koma musawachotseretu. Pochita, ntchito zambiri zowonjezera m'mawere zomwe zimachitika m'malamulo zimapita popanda mavuto, maphunziro a postoperative ndi osavuta, ndipo odwala amakhutira ndi zotsatira zawo. Komabe, nthawi zina zovuta zimatha kuchitika panthawiyi, zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi opaleshoni ya m'mawere, ndipo zina zimakhala zogwirizana ndi implants:

Zovuta zomwe zimachitika pa opaleshoni ya bere

• Effusions, matenda-hematoma: Kuchulukana kwa magazi kuzungulira prosthesis ndi vuto loyambirira lomwe lingathe kuchitika m'maola oyambirira. Ngati izi ndizofunikira, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mubwerere ku chipinda chopangira opaleshoni kuti mutulutse magazi ndikuyimitsa magazi pamalo omwe adachokera;

- serous effusion: kudzikundikira kwa madzimadzi amthupi kuzungulira prosthesis ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi edema. Izi zimangowonjezera kuwonjezereka kwa kanthaŵi kwa bere. Zimangowoneka zokha komanso pang'onopang'ono;

- matenda: kawirikawiri pambuyo pa opaleshoni yamtunduwu. Sizingathetsedwe ndi mankhwala opha maantibayotiki okha ndiyeno kumafuna kukonzanso kwa opaleshoni kuti kukhetse ndikuchotsa implant kwa miyezi ingapo (nthawi yofunikira kukhazikitsa prosthesis yatsopano popanda chiopsezo). Mitundu ina itatu ya matenda ingatchulidwenso:

- mochedwa "chete" matenda: ichi ndi matenda ndi zizindikiro zochepa ndipo palibe mawonetseredwe oonekera pofufuza, amene nthawi zina zimachitika zaka zingapo implantation;

- ma microabscesses: nthawi zambiri amakula pamalo a suture ndipo amathetsa mwamsanga pambuyo pochotsa ulusi wotsekedwa ndi chithandizo cham'deralo;

- Staphylococcal toxic shock: milandu yosowa kwambiri ya matenda opatsirana kwambiriwa adanenedwa.

• Cutaneous necrosis Imachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa oxygenation ya minofu chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa magazi m'dera lanu, zomwe zingathandizidwe chifukwa chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, hematoma, matenda, kapena kusuta kwambiri kwa wodwalayo. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri koma zowopsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa kuwonekera kwa prosthesis, makamaka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ma sutures. Opaleshoni yokonzanso nthawi zambiri imafunika, nthawi zina imafunika kuchotsedwa kwakanthawi kwa implant.

• Machiritso anomalies Njira yochiritsira imaphatikizapo zochitika zachisawawa, nthawi zina zimachitika kuti pakapita nthawi zipsera siziwoneka monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, zomwe zimatha kutenga mbali zosiyanasiyana: dilated, retractile, soldered, hyper- kapena hypopigmented, hypertrophic. (kutupa) kapena ngakhale keloid yokha.

• Kusintha kukhudzika. Amakhala pafupipafupi m'miyezi yoyamba, koma nthawi zambiri amabwerera. Komabe, nthawi zina, digiri ya dysesthesia (kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezereka kwa kukhudza kukhudza) ingapitirire, makamaka m'dera la areola ndi nipple. • Galactorrhea / effusion ya mkaka Nthawi zambiri zosadziwika bwino pambuyo pa opaleshoni kukondoweza kwa mahomoni kumabweretsa kutuluka kwa mkaka ("galactorrhea") ndi kudzikundikira kwamadzi nthawi ndi nthawi kuzungulira prosthesis zanenedwa.

• Pneumothorax Rare, imafuna chithandizo chapadera.

Zowopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma implants

• Mapangidwe a "mapangidwe" kapena mawonekedwe a "mafunde"Popeza ma implants ndi osinthika, ndizotheka kuti chipolopolo chawo chimakwinya, ndipo zopindikazi zimatha kumveka kapena kuwoneka pansi pakhungu m'malo ena, zomwe zimapereka chithunzi cha mafunde. Chodabwitsa ichi ndi chofala kwambiri kwa odwala omwe amawonda kwambiri ndipo amatha kuthandizidwa ndi lipomodelling, yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa kwambiri pansi pa khungu la bere kuti "kuphimba" implants.

•"Zipolopolo 

Zomwe zimachitika mthupi, zachibadwa komanso zokhazikika za thupi la munthu kukhalapo kwa thupi lachilendo ndikuzipatula kuzinthu zozungulira popanga nembanemba yopanda mpweya yomwe imazungulira ndikuyikapo ndipo imatchedwa "periprosthetic capsule". Nthawi zambiri, chipolopolo ichi ndi chochepa thupi, chosinthika komanso chosaoneka bwino, koma zimachitika kuti zomwe zimakula kwambiri ndipo kapisoziyo imakula, imakhala yamtundu komanso imasweka, kufinya implant, kenako imatchedwa "chipolopolo". Kutengera kulimba kwa chochitikacho, izi zingayambitse: kuuma kosavuta kwa bere, nthawi zina kukwiyitsa kosasangalatsa, ngakhale kupunduka kowoneka ndi globulization ya prosthesis, yomwe imatsogolera kumlingo wovuta kwambiri, wopweteka, wocheperako. Eccentric dera. Retractile fibrosis iyi nthawi zina imakhala yachiwiri ku hematoma kapena matenda, koma nthawi zambiri zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zosadziwikiratu chifukwa cha zochitika mwachisawawa.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika ponena za njira ya opaleshoni, koma pamwamba pa zonse pakupanga ndi kumanga ma implants, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mlingo ndi mphamvu ya indentation. Ngati ndi kotheka, reoperation akhoza kukonza mgwirizano woterowo mwa kudula kapisozi ("capsulotomy").

• Kusweka Tawona kuti implants sizingaganizidwe kuti ndizokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, pakapita nthawi, pangakhale kutayika kwa kulimba kwa chipolopolo. Zitha kukhala porosity yosavuta, pinholes, microcracks, kapena mabowo enieni. Nthawi zambiri, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuvulala koopsa kapena kubowola mwangozi ndipo, nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khoma chifukwa cha ukalamba. Nthawi zonse, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira za kudzaza kwa prosthesis, ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa izi:

- ndi saline kapena resorbable hydrogel, kutsika pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, kutsika kwachangu kapena kofulumira kumawonedwa;

- yokhala ndi gel ya silicone (yosasunthika), imakhalabe mkati mwa nembanemba yomwe imapatula prosthesis. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti chiwombankhangacho chiwonekere, koma chikhoza kukhalabe popanda zotsatirapo ndipo sichidziwika. Komabe, nthawi zina, zomwe zakhala zosowa kwambiri (makamaka chifukwa cha "kumatira" kwa ma gels amakono), munthu amatha kuwona pang'onopang'ono kulowa kwa gel mu minofu yozungulira. Kuphulika kwa prosthesis nthawi zambiri kumafuna kulowererapo kuti m'malo mwa implants.

• Malo osayenera, kusanja molakwika Malo olakwika kapena kusanja kwachiwiri kwa implants, komwe kumakhudza mawonekedwe a bere, nthawi zina kungavomereze kuwongolera opaleshoni.

• Kuzungulira Ngakhale kuzungulira kwa "anatomical prosthesis" sikuchitika kawirikawiri, ndikotheka mwamalingaliro ndipo kungakhudze zotsatira za kukongola.

• Kusintha kwa khoma la chifuwa. Nthawi zina, ma prostheses a chipolopolo cha fibrous omwe amasiyidwa kwa nthawi yayitali amatha "kusindikiza" mu minofu, ndikusiya kupunduka kwa khoma la pachifuwa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kukonza zikachotsedwa.

• Mochedwa periprosthetic seroma. Nthawi zambiri, kutulutsa mochedwa kumatha kupanga mozungulira prosthesis. Kutulutsa mochedwa kotereku, makamaka ngati kumagwirizana ndi zovuta zina za mawere a mammary, zimafunikira kuunika kwa senological ndi senologist radiologist. Kuwunika koyambira kudzaphatikizapo ultrasound ndi puncture effusion. Madzi omwe amabweretsedwa motere adzakhala mutu wa kafukufuku ndi kufufuza maselo a lymphoma. Digital mammography ndi/kapena MRI zingakhale zofunika malingana ndi zotsatira za mayeso oyambirira a fibrous periprosthesis (capsulectomy) kulola biopsy kuyang'ana chosowa kwambiri bere implant-associated anaplastic lalikulu cell lymphoma (ALCL-AIM).